Guide to the Secure Configuration of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

with profile FISMA Medium for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
FISMA Medium for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.
This guide presents a catalog of security-relevant configuration settings for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6. It is a rendering of content structured in the eXtensible Configuration Checklist Description Format (XCCDF) in order to support security automation. The SCAP content is is available in the config_item="scap-security-guide" package which is developed at https://www.open-scap.org/security-policies/scap-security-guide.

Providing system administrators with such guidance informs them how to securely configure systems under their control in a variety of network roles. Policy makers and baseline creators can use this catalog of settings, with its associated references to higher-level security control catalogs, in order to assist them in security baseline creation. This guide is a italics="catalog, not a checklist," and satisfaction of every item is not likely to be possible or sensible in many operational scenarios. However, the XCCDF format enables granular selection and adjustment of settings, and their association with OVAL and OCIL content provides an automated checking capability. Transformations of this document, and its associated automated checking content, are capable of providing baselines that meet a diverse set of policy objectives. Some example XCCDF italics="Profiles", which are selections of items that form checklists and can be used as baselines, are available with this guide. They can be processed, in an automated fashion, with tools that support the Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP). The DISA STIG for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, which provides required settings for US Department of Defense systems, is one example of a baseline created from this guidance.

This benchmark is a direct port of a SCAP Security Guide benchmark developed for Red Hat Enterprise Linux. It has been modified through an automated process to remove specific dependencies on Red Hat Enterprise Linux and to function with CentOS. The result is a generally useful SCAP Security Guide benchmark with the following caveats:

  • CentOS is not an exact copy of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. There may be configuration differences that produce false positives and/or false negatives. If this occurs please file a bug report.
  • CentOS has its own build system, compiler options, patchsets, and is a community supported, non-commercial operating system. CentOS does not inherit certifications or evaluations from Red Hat Enterprise Linux. As such, some configuration rules (such as those requiring FIPS 140-2 encryption) will continue to fail on CentOS.

Members of the CentOS community are invited to participate in OpenSCAP and SCAP Security Guide development. Bug reports and patches can be sent to GitHub: https://github.com/OpenSCAP/scap-security-guide. The mailing list is at https://fedorahosted.org/mailman/listinfo/scap-security-guide.

Do not attempt to implement any of the settings in this guide without first testing them in a non-operational environment. The creators of this guidance assume no responsibility whatsoever for its use by other parties, and makes no guarantees, expressed or implied, about its quality, reliability, or any other characteristic.

Profile Information

Profile TitleFISMA Medium for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
Profile IDxccdf_org.ssgproject.content_profile_fisma-medium-rhel6-server

CPE Platforms

  • cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6
  • cpe:/o:centos:centos:6
  • cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6::client
  • cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6::computenode

Revision History

Current version: 0.1.39

  • draft (as of 2021-02-28)

Table of Contents

  1. Services
    1. Network Time Protocol
    2. Cron and At Daemons
    3. Obsolete Services
    4. SSH Server
    5. Avahi Server
    6. Base Services
  2. System Settings
    1. Configure Syslog
    2. Network Configuration and Firewalls
    3. SELinux
    4. Account and Access Control
    5. File Permissions and Masks
    6. System Accounting with <tt>auditd</tt>
    7. Installing and Maintaining Software

Checklist

Group   Guide to the Secure Configuration of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6   Group contains 69 groups and 211 rules
Group   Services   Group contains 13 groups and 46 rules

[ref]   The best protection against vulnerable software is running less software. This section describes how to review the software which Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 installs on a system and disable software which is not needed. It then enumerates the software packages installed on a default Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 system and provides guidance about which ones can be safely disabled.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 provides a convenient minimal install option that essentially installs the bare necessities for a functional system. When building Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 systems, it is highly recommended to select the minimal packages and then build up the system from there.

Group   Network Time Protocol   Group contains 3 rules

[ref]   The Network Time Protocol is used to manage the system clock over a network. Computer clocks are not very accurate, so time will drift unpredictably on unmanaged systems. Central time protocols can be used both to ensure that time is consistent among a network of systems, and that their time is consistent with the outside world.

If every system on a network reliably reports the same time, then it is much easier to correlate log messages in case of an attack. In addition, a number of cryptographic protocols (such as Kerberos) use timestamps to prevent certain types of attacks. If your network does not have synchronized time, these protocols may be unreliable or even unusable.

Depending on the specifics of the network, global time accuracy may be just as important as local synchronization, or not very important at all. If your network is connected to the Internet, using a public timeserver (or one provided by your enterprise) provides globally accurate timestamps which may be essential in investigating or responding to an attack which originated outside of your network.

A typical network setup involves a small number of internal systems operating as NTP servers, and the remainder obtaining time information from those internal servers.

More information on how to configure the NTP server software, including configuration of cryptographic authentication for time data, is available at http://www.ntp.org.

Rule   Enable the NTP Daemon   [ref]

The ntpd service can be enabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 ntpd on

Rationale:

Enabling the ntpd service ensures that the ntpd service will be running and that the system will synchronize its time to any servers specified. This is important whether the system is configured to be a client (and synchronize only its own clock) or it is also acting as an NTP server to other systems. Synchronizing time is essential for authentication services such as Kerberos, but it is also important for maintaining accurate logs and auditing possible security breaches.

The NTP daemon offers all of the functionality of ntpdate, which is now deprecated. Additional information on this is available at http://support.ntp.org/bin/view/Dev/DeprecatingNtpdate

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_ntpd_enabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000160, AU-8(1), Req-10.4, SRG-OS-000056, SV-50421r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command enable ntpd


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
- name: Enable service ntpd
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="yes"
    state="started"
  with_items:
    - ntpd
  tags:
    - service_ntpd_enabled
    - medium_severity
    - enable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27093-4
    - NIST-800-53-AU-8(1)
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.4
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000247

Rule   Specify a Remote NTP Server   [ref]

To specify a remote NTP server for time synchronization, edit the file /etc/ntp.conf. Add or correct the following lines, substituting the IP or hostname of a remote NTP server for ntpserver:

server ntpserver
This instructs the NTP software to contact that remote server to obtain time data.

Rationale:

Synchronizing with an NTP server makes it possible to collate system logs from multiple sources or correlate computer events with real time events.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_ntpd_specify_remote_server
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000160, AU-8(1), Req-10.4.1, Req-10.4.3, SRG-OS-000056, SV-50422r1_rule

Rule   Specify Additional Remote NTP Servers   [ref]

Additional NTP servers can be specified for time synchronization in the file /etc/ntp.conf. To do so, add additional lines of the following form, substituting the IP address or hostname of a remote NTP server for ntpserver:

server ntpserver

Rationale:

Specifying additional NTP servers increases the availability of accurate time data, in the event that one of the specified servers becomes unavailable. This is typical for a system acting as an NTP server for other systems.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_ntpd_specify_multiple_servers
Identifiers and References

References:  AU-8(1), Req-10.4.3

Group   Cron and At Daemons   Group contains 2 rules

[ref]   The cron and at services are used to allow commands to be executed at a later time. The cron service is required by almost all systems to perform necessary maintenance tasks, while at may or may not be required on a given system. Both daemons should be configured defensively.

Rule   Enable cron Service   [ref]

The crond service is used to execute commands at preconfigured times. It is required by almost all systems to perform necessary maintenance tasks, such as notifying root of system activity. The crond service can be enabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 crond on

Rationale:

Due to its usage for maintenance and security-supporting tasks, enabling the cron daemon is essential.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_crond_enabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50406r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command enable crond


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
- name: Enable service crond
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="yes"
    state="started"
  with_items:
    - crond
  tags:
    - service_crond_enabled
    - medium_severity
    - enable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27070-2
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000224

Rule   Disable At Service (atd)   [ref]

The at and batch commands can be used to schedule tasks that are meant to be executed only once. This allows delayed execution in a manner similar to cron, except that it is not recurring. The daemon atd keeps track of tasks scheduled via at and batch, and executes them at the specified time. The atd service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig atd off

Rationale:

The atd service could be used by an unsophisticated insider to carry out activities outside of a normal login session, which could complicate accountability. Furthermore, the need to schedule tasks with at or batch is not common.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_atd_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000381, CM-7, SRG-OS-000096, SV-50442r3_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable atd


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service atd
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - atd
  tags:
    - service_atd_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27249-2
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000262
Group   Obsolete Services   Group contains 5 groups and 14 rules

[ref]   This section discusses a number of network-visible services which have historically caused problems for system security, and for which disabling or severely limiting the service has been the best available guidance for some time. As a result of this, many of these services are not installed as part of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 by default.

Organizations which are running these services should switch to more secure equivalents as soon as possible. If it remains absolutely necessary to run one of these services for legacy reasons, care should be taken to restrict the service as much as possible, for instance by configuring host firewall software such as iptables to restrict access to the vulnerable service to only those remote hosts which have a known need to use it.

Group   Rlogin, Rsh, and Rexec   Group contains 5 rules

[ref]   The Berkeley r-commands are legacy services which allow cleartext remote access and have an insecure trust model.

Rule   Uninstal rsh Package   [ref]

The rsh package contains the client commands for the rsh services

Rationale:

These legacy clients contain numerous security exposures and have been replaced with the more secure SSH package. Even if the server is removed, it is best to ensure the clients are also removed to prevent users from inadvertently attempting to use these commands and therefore exposing their credentials. Note that removing the rsh package removes the clients for rsh,rcp, and rlogin.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_rsh_removed
Identifiers and References


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to remove packages on RHEL, Fedora, Debian, and possibly other systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     package_remove telnet-server
#
function package_remove {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local package="$1"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "1" ]
then
  echo "Usage: package_remove 'package_name'"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

if which dnf ; then
  if rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    dnf remove -y "$package"
  fi
elif which yum ; then
  if rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    yum remove -y "$package"
  fi
elif which apt-get ; then
  apt-get remove -y "$package"
else
  echo "Failed to detect available packaging system, tried dnf, yum and apt-get!"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

}

package_remove rsh


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure rsh is removed
  package:
    name="{{item}}"
    state=absent
  with_items:
    - rsh
  tags:
    - package_rsh_removed
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27359-9


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
include remove_rsh

class remove_rsh {
  package { 'rsh':
    ensure => 'purged',
  }
}


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable

package --remove=rsh

Rule   Disable rlogin Service   [ref]

The rlogin service, which is available with the rsh-server package and runs as a service through xinetd, should be disabled. The rlogin service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig rlogin off

Rationale:

The rlogin service uses unencrypted network communications, which means that data from the login session, including passwords and all other information transmitted during the session, can be stolen by eavesdroppers on the network.

Severity: 
high
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_rlogin_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001436, CM-7, IA-5(1)(c), SRG-OS-000248, SV-50403r2_rule

Rule   Disable rexec Service   [ref]

The rexec service, which is available with the rsh-server package and runs as a service through xinetd, should be disabled. The rexec service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig rexec off

Rationale:

The rexec service uses unencrypted network communications, which means that data from the login session, including passwords and all other information transmitted during the session, can be stolen by eavesdroppers on the network.

Severity: 
high
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_rexec_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000068, CCI-001436, CM-7, SRG-OS-000033, SV-50399r2_rule

Rule   Disable rsh Service   [ref]

The rsh service, which is available with the rsh-server package and runs as a service through xinetd, should be disabled. The rsh service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig rsh off

Rationale:

The rsh service uses unencrypted network communications, which means that data from the login session, including passwords and all other information transmitted during the session, can be stolen by eavesdroppers on the network.

Severity: 
high
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_rsh_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000068, CCI-001436, CM-7, IA-5(1)(c), SRG-OS-000033, SV-50395r2_rule

Rule   Remove Rsh Trust Files   [ref]

The files /etc/hosts.equiv and ~/.rhosts (in each user's home directory) list remote hosts and users that are trusted by the local system when using the rshd daemon. To remove these files, run the following command to delete them from any location:

$ sudo rm /etc/hosts.equiv
$ rm ~/.rhosts

Rationale:

Trust files are convenient, but when used in conjunction with the R-services, they can allow unauthenticated access to a system.

Severity: 
high
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_no_rsh_trust_files
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001436, CM-7, SRG-OS-000248, SV-50292r1_rule



find /home -maxdepth 2 -type f -name .rhosts -exec rm -f '{}' \;

if [ -f /etc/hosts.equiv ]; then
	/bin/rm -f /etc/hosts.equiv
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict
- block:
    - name: "Detect shosts.equiv Files on the System"
      find:
          paths: /
          recurse: yes
          patterns: shosts.equiv
      check_mode: no
      register: shosts_equiv_locations

    - name: "Remove Rsh Trust Files"
      file:
          path: "{{ item.path }}"
          state: absent
      with_items: "{{ shosts_equiv_locations.files }}"
      when: shosts_equiv_locations
  tags:
    - no_rsh_trust_files
    - high_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27270-8
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000019
Group   Telnet   Group contains 2 rules

[ref]   The telnet protocol does not provide confidentiality or integrity for information transmitted on the network. This includes authentication information such as passwords. Organizations which use telnet should be actively working to migrate to a more secure protocol.

Rule   Uninstall telnet-server Package   [ref]

The telnet-server package can be uninstalled with the following command:

$ sudo yum erase telnet-server

Rationale:

Removing the telnet-server package decreases the risk of the telnet service's accidental (or intentional) activation.

Severity: 
high
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_telnet-server_removed
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000305, CCI-000381, CM-7, SRG-OS-000095, SV-50388r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to remove packages on RHEL, Fedora, Debian, and possibly other systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     package_remove telnet-server
#
function package_remove {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local package="$1"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "1" ]
then
  echo "Usage: package_remove 'package_name'"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

if which dnf ; then
  if rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    dnf remove -y "$package"
  fi
elif which yum ; then
  if rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    yum remove -y "$package"
  fi
elif which apt-get ; then
  apt-get remove -y "$package"
else
  echo "Failed to detect available packaging system, tried dnf, yum and apt-get!"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

}

package_remove telnet-server


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure telnet-server is removed
  package:
    name="{{item}}"
    state=absent
  with_items:
    - telnet-server
  tags:
    - package_telnet-server_removed
    - high_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27073-6
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000206


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
include remove_telnet-server

class remove_telnet-server {
  package { 'telnet-server':
    ensure => 'purged',
  }
}


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable

package --remove=telnet-server

Rule   Disable telnet Service   [ref]

The telnet service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig telnet off

Rationale:

The telnet protocol uses unencrypted network communication, which means that data from the login session, including passwords and all other information transmitted during the session, can be stolen by eavesdroppers on the network. The telnet protocol is also subject to man-in-the-middle attacks.

Severity: 
high
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_telnetd_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000068, CCI-001436, CCI-000197, CCI-000877, CCI-000888, CM-7, IA-5(1)(c), SRG-OS-000129, SV-50390r2_rule

Group   NIS   Group contains 2 rules

[ref]   The Network Information Service (NIS), also known as 'Yellow Pages' (YP), and its successor NIS+ have been made obsolete by Kerberos, LDAP, and other modern centralized authentication services. NIS should not be used because it suffers from security problems inherent in its design, such as inadequate protection of important authentication information.

Rule   Disable ypbind Service   [ref]

The ypbind service, which allows the system to act as a client in a NIS or NIS+ domain, should be disabled. The ypbind service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig ypbind off

Rationale:

Disabling the ypbind service ensures the system is not acting as a client in a NIS or NIS+ domain.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_ypbind_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000305, CM-7, SRG-OS-000096, SV-50405r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable ypbind


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service ypbind
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - ypbind
  tags:
    - service_ypbind_disabled
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26894-6
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000221

Rule   Uninstall ypserv Package   [ref]

The ypserv package can be uninstalled with the following command:

$ sudo yum erase ypserv

Rationale:

Removing the ypserv package decreases the risk of the accidental (or intentional) activation of NIS or NIS+ services.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_ypserv_removed
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000305, CCI-000381, CM-7, SRG-OS-000095, SV-50404r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to remove packages on RHEL, Fedora, Debian, and possibly other systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     package_remove telnet-server
#
function package_remove {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local package="$1"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "1" ]
then
  echo "Usage: package_remove 'package_name'"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

if which dnf ; then
  if rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    dnf remove -y "$package"
  fi
elif which yum ; then
  if rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    yum remove -y "$package"
  fi
elif which apt-get ; then
  apt-get remove -y "$package"
else
  echo "Failed to detect available packaging system, tried dnf, yum and apt-get!"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

}

package_remove ypserv


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure ypserv is removed
  package:
    name="{{item}}"
    state=absent
  with_items:
    - ypserv
  tags:
    - package_ypserv_removed
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27079-3
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000220


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
include remove_ypserv

class remove_ypserv {
  package { 'ypserv':
    ensure => 'purged',
  }
}


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable

package --remove=ypserv
Group   TFTP Server   Group contains 3 rules

[ref]   TFTP is a lightweight version of the FTP protocol which has traditionally been used to configure networking equipment. However, TFTP provides little security, and modern versions of networking operating systems frequently support configuration via SSH or other more secure protocols. A TFTP server should be run only if no more secure method of supporting existing equipment can be found.

Rule   Disable tftp Service   [ref]

The tftp service should be disabled. The tftp service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig tftp off

Rationale:

Disabling the tftp service ensures the system is not acting as a TFTP server, which does not provide encryption or authentication.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_tftp_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001436, CM-7, SRG-OS-000248, SV-50410r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable tftp


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service tftp
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - tftp
  tags:
    - service_tftp_disabled
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27055-3
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000223

Rule   Uninstall tftp-server Package   [ref]

The tftp-server package can be removed with the following command:

$ sudo yum erase tftp-server

Rationale:

Removing the tftp-server package decreases the risk of the accidental (or intentional) activation of tftp services.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_tftp-server_removed
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000305, CM-7, SRG-OS-000095, SV-50407r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to remove packages on RHEL, Fedora, Debian, and possibly other systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     package_remove telnet-server
#
function package_remove {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local package="$1"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "1" ]
then
  echo "Usage: package_remove 'package_name'"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

if which dnf ; then
  if rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    dnf remove -y "$package"
  fi
elif which yum ; then
  if rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    yum remove -y "$package"
  fi
elif which apt-get ; then
  apt-get remove -y "$package"
else
  echo "Failed to detect available packaging system, tried dnf, yum and apt-get!"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

}

package_remove tftp-server


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure tftp-server is removed
  package:
    name="{{item}}"
    state=absent
  with_items:
    - tftp-server
  tags:
    - package_tftp-server_removed
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26946-4
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000222


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
include remove_tftp-server

class remove_tftp-server {
  package { 'tftp-server':
    ensure => 'purged',
  }
}


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable

package --remove=tftp-server

Rule   Ensure tftp Daemon Uses Secure Mode   [ref]

If running the tftp service is necessary, it should be configured to change its root directory at startup. To do so, ensure /etc/xinetd.d/tftp includes -s as a command line argument, as shown in the following example (which is also the default):

server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot

Rationale:

Using the -s option causes the TFTP service to only serve files from the given directory. Serving files from an intentionally-specified directory reduces the risk of sharing files which should remain private.

Severity: 
high
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_tftpd_uses_secure_mode
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000366, CM-7, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50502r1_rule

Group   Xinetd   Group contains 2 rules

[ref]   The xinetd service acts as a dedicated listener for some network services (mostly, obsolete ones) and can be used to provide access controls and perform some logging. It has been largely obsoleted by other features, and it is not installed by default. The older Inetd service is not even available as part of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.

Rule   Disable xinetd Service   [ref]

The xinetd service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig xinetd off

Rationale:

The xinetd service provides a dedicated listener service for some programs, which is no longer necessary for commonly-used network services. Disabling it ensures that these uncommon services are not running, and also prevents attacks against xinetd itself.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_xinetd_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000305, CM-7, SRG-OS-000096, SV-50383r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable xinetd


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service xinetd
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - xinetd
  tags:
    - service_xinetd_disabled
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27046-2
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000203

Rule   Uninstall xinetd Package   [ref]

The xinetd package can be uninstalled with the following command:

$ sudo yum erase xinetd

Rationale:

Removing the xinetd package decreases the risk of the xinetd service's accidental (or intentional) activation.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_xinetd_removed
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000305, CM-7, SRG-OS-000096, SV-50385r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to remove packages on RHEL, Fedora, Debian, and possibly other systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     package_remove telnet-server
#
function package_remove {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local package="$1"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "1" ]
then
  echo "Usage: package_remove 'package_name'"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

if which dnf ; then
  if rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    dnf remove -y "$package"
  fi
elif which yum ; then
  if rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    yum remove -y "$package"
  fi
elif which apt-get ; then
  apt-get remove -y "$package"
else
  echo "Failed to detect available packaging system, tried dnf, yum and apt-get!"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

}

package_remove xinetd


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure xinetd is removed
  package:
    name="{{item}}"
    state=absent
  with_items:
    - xinetd
  tags:
    - package_xinetd_removed
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27005-8
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000204


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
include remove_xinetd

class remove_xinetd {
  package { 'xinetd':
    ensure => 'purged',
  }
}


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable

package --remove=xinetd
Group   SSH Server   Group contains 1 group and 3 rules

[ref]   The SSH protocol is recommended for remote login and remote file transfer. SSH provides confidentiality and integrity for data exchanged between two systems, as well as server authentication, through the use of public key cryptography. The implementation included with the system is called OpenSSH, and more detailed documentation is available from its website, http://www.openssh.org. Its server program is called sshd and provided by the RPM package openssh-server.

Group   Configure OpenSSH Server if Necessary   Group contains 3 rules

[ref]   If the system needs to act as an SSH server, then certain changes should be made to the OpenSSH daemon configuration file /etc/ssh/sshd_config. The following recommendations can be applied to this file. See the sshd_config(5) man page for more detailed information.

Rule   Use Only Approved Ciphers   [ref]

Limit the ciphers to those algorithms which are FIPS-approved. Counter (CTR) mode is also preferred over cipher-block chaining (CBC) mode. The following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config demonstrates use of FIPS-approved ciphers:

Ciphers aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc
The man page sshd_config(5) contains a list of supported ciphers.

Rationale:

Approved algorithms should impart some level of confidence in their implementation. These are also required for compliance.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sshd_use_approved_ciphers
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000803, CCI-001144, CCI-001145, CCI-001146, AC-3, AC-17(2), SI-7, IA-5(1)(c), IA-7, SRG-OS-000169, SV-50418r1_rule



grep -q ^Ciphers /etc/ssh/sshd_config && \
  sed -i "s/Ciphers.*/Ciphers aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
if ! [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "Ciphers aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict
- name: Use Only Approved Ciphers
  lineinfile:
    create: yes
    dest: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    regexp: ^Ciphers
    line: Ciphers aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc
    validate: sshd -t -f %s
  #notify: restart sshd
  tags:
    - sshd_use_approved_ciphers
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26555-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-17(2)
    - NIST-800-53-SI-7
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IA-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000243

Rule   Allow Only SSH Protocol 2   [ref]

Only SSH protocol version 2 connections should be permitted. The default setting in /etc/ssh/sshd_config is correct, and can be verified by ensuring that the following line appears:

Protocol 2

Rationale:

SSH protocol version 1 suffers from design flaws that result in security vulnerabilities and should not be used.

Severity: 
high
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sshd_allow_only_protocol2
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000776, CCI-000774, CCI-001436, AC-3(10), IA-5(1)(c), SRG-OS-000112, SV-50408r1_rule



# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/ssh/sshd_config' '^Protocol' '2' 'CCE-27072-8' '%s %s'


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict

- name: "Allow Only SSH Protocol 2"
  lineinfile:
    dest: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    regexp: "^Protocol [0-9]"
    line: "Protocol 2"
    validate: sshd -t -f %s
  #notify: :reload ssh
  tags:
    - sshd_allow_only_protocol2
    - high_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27072-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(c)
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000227
Group   Avahi Server   Group contains 1 group and 1 rule

[ref]   The Avahi daemon implements the DNS Service Discovery and Multicast DNS protocols, which provide service and host discovery on a network. It allows a system to automatically identify resources on the network, such as printers or web servers. This capability is also known as mDNSresponder and is a major part of Zeroconf networking.

Group   Disable Avahi Server if Possible   Group contains 1 rule

[ref]   Because the Avahi daemon service keeps an open network port, it is subject to network attacks. Disabling it can reduce the system's vulnerability to such attacks.

Rule   Disable Avahi Server Software   [ref]

The avahi-daemon service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig avahi-daemon off

Rationale:

Because the Avahi daemon service keeps an open network port, it is subject to network attacks. Its functionality is convenient but is only appropriate if the local network can be trusted.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_avahi-daemon_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000366, CM-7, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50419r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable avahi-daemon


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service avahi-daemon
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - avahi-daemon
  tags:
    - service_avahi-daemon_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27087-6
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000246
Group   Base Services   Group contains 23 rules

[ref]   This section addresses the base services that are installed on a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 default installation which are not covered in other sections. Some of these services listen on the network and should be treated with particular discretion. Other services are local system utilities that may or may not be extraneous. In general, system services should be disabled if not required.

Rule   Disable Control Group Rules Engine (cgred)   [ref]

The cgred service moves tasks into control groups according to parameters set in the /etc/cgrules.conf configuration file. The cgred service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig cgred off

Rationale:

Unless control groups are used to manage system resources, running the cgred service service is not necessary.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_cgred_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable cgred


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service cgred
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - cgred
  tags:
    - service_cgred_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27252-6
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable D-Bus IPC Service (messagebus)   [ref]

D-Bus provides an IPC mechanism used by a growing list of programs, such as those used for Gnome, Bluetooth, and Avahi. Due to these dependencies, disabling D-Bus may not be practical for many systems. The messagebus service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig messagebus off

Rationale:

If no services which require D-Bus are needed, then it can be disabled. As a broker for IPC between processes of different privilege levels, it could be a target for attack. However, disabling D-Bus is likely to be impractical for any system which needs to provide a graphical login session.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_messagebus_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable messagebus


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service messagebus
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - messagebus
  tags:
    - service_messagebus_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26913-4
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (acpid)   [ref]

The Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Daemon (acpid) dispatches ACPI events (such as power/reset button depressed) to userspace programs. The acpid service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig acpid off

Rationale:

ACPI support is highly desirable for systems in some network roles, such as laptops or desktops. For other systems, such as servers, it may permit accidental or trivially achievable denial of service situations and disabling it is appropriate.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_acpid_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable acpid


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service acpid
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - acpid
  tags:
    - service_acpid_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27061-1
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable Network Router Discovery Daemon (rdisc)   [ref]

The rdisc service implements the client side of the ICMP Internet Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP), which allows discovery of routers on the local subnet. If a router is discovered then the local routing table is updated with a corresponding default route. By default this daemon is disabled. The rdisc service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig rdisc off

Rationale:

General-purpose systems typically have their network and routing information configured statically by a system administrator. Workstations or some special-purpose systems often use DHCP (instead of IRDP) to retrieve dynamic network configuration information.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_rdisc_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000382, AC-4, CM-7, SRG-OS-000096, SV-50451r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable rdisc


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service rdisc
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - rdisc
  tags:
    - service_rdisc_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27261-7
    - NIST-800-53-AC-4
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000268

Rule   Disable CPU Speed (cpuspeed)   [ref]

The cpuspeed service can adjust the clock speed of supported CPUs based upon the current processing load thereby conserving power and reducing heat. The cpuspeed service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig cpuspeed off

Rationale:

The cpuspeed service is only necessary if adjusting the CPU clock speed provides benefit. Traditionally this has included laptops (to enhance battery life), but may also apply to server or desktop environments where conserving power is highly desirable or necessary.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_cpuspeed_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable cpuspeed


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service cpuspeed
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - cpuspeed
  tags:
    - service_cpuspeed_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26973-8
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable Network Console (netconsole)   [ref]

The netconsole service is responsible for loading the netconsole kernel module, which logs kernel printk messages over UDP to a syslog server. This allows debugging of problems where disk logging fails and serial consoles are impractical. The netconsole service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig netconsole off

Rationale:

The netconsole service is not necessary unless there is a need to debug kernel panics, which is not common.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_netconsole_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000381, CM-7, SRG-OS-000096, SV-50473r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable netconsole


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service netconsole
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - netconsole
  tags:
    - service_netconsole_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27254-2
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000289

Rule   Disable Certmonger Service (certmonger)   [ref]

Certmonger is a D-Bus based service that attempts to simplify interaction with certifying authorities on networks which use public-key infrastructure. It is often combined with Red Hat's IPA (Identity Policy Audit) security information management solution to aid in the management of certificates. The certmonger service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig certmonger off

Rationale:

The services provided by certmonger may be essential for systems fulfilling some roles a PKI infrastructure, but its functionality is not necessary for many other use cases.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_certmonger_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable certmonger


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service certmonger
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - certmonger
  tags:
    - service_certmonger_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27267-4
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable Quota Netlink (quota_nld)   [ref]

The quota_nld service provides notifications to users of disk space quota violations. It listens to the kernel via a netlink socket for disk quota violations and notifies the appropriate user of the violation using D-Bus or by sending a message to the terminal that the user has last accessed. The quota_nld service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig quota_nld off

Rationale:

If disk quotas are enforced on the local system, then the quota_nld service likely provides useful functionality and should remain enabled. However, if disk quotas are not used or user notification of disk quota violation is not desired then there is no need to run this service.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_quota_nld_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable quota_nld


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service quota_nld
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - quota_nld
  tags:
    - service_quota_nld_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27260-9
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable Red Hat Network Service (rhnsd)   [ref]

The Red Hat Network service automatically queries Red Hat Network servers to determine whether there are any actions that should be executed, such as package updates. This only occurs if the system was registered to an RHN server or satellite and managed as such. The rhnsd service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig rhnsd off

Rationale:

Although systems management and patching is extremely important to system security, management by a system outside the enterprise enclave is not desirable for some environments. However, if the system is being managed by RHN or RHN Satellite Server the rhnsd daemon can remain on.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_rhnsd_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000382, CM-7, SRG-OS-000096, SV-50278r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable rhnsd


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service rhnsd
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - rhnsd
  tags:
    - service_rhnsd_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26846-6
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000009

Rule   Disable Software RAID Monitor (mdmonitor)   [ref]

The mdmonitor service is used for monitoring a software RAID array; hardware RAID setups do not use this service. The mdmonitor service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig mdmonitor off

Rationale:

If software RAID monitoring is not required, there is no need to run this service.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_mdmonitor_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable mdmonitor


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service mdmonitor
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - mdmonitor
  tags:
    - service_mdmonitor_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27193-2
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Enable IRQ Balance (irqbalance)   [ref]

The irqbalance service optimizes the balance between power savings and performance through distribution of hardware interrupts across multiple processors. The irqbalance service can be enabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 irqbalance on

Rationale:

In an environment with multiple processors (now common), the irqbalance service provides potential speedups for handling interrupt requests.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_irqbalance_enabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command enable irqbalance


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
- name: Enable service irqbalance
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="yes"
    state="started"
  with_items:
    - irqbalance
  tags:
    - service_irqbalance_enabled
    - unknown_severity
    - enable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26990-2
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable Odd Job Daemon (oddjobd)   [ref]

The oddjobd service exists to provide an interface and access control mechanism through which specified privileged tasks can run tasks for unprivileged client applications. Communication with oddjobd through the system message bus. The oddjobd service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig oddjobd off

Rationale:

The oddjobd service may provide necessary functionality in some environments, and can be disabled if it is not needed. Execution of tasks by privileged programs, on behalf of unprivileged ones, has traditionally been a source of privilege escalation security issues.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_oddjobd_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000381, CM-7, SRG-OS-000096, SV-50447r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable oddjobd


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service oddjobd
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - oddjobd
  tags:
    - service_oddjobd_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27257-5
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000266

Rule   Disable Hardware Abstraction Layer Service (haldaemon)   [ref]

The Hardware Abstraction Layer Daemon (haldaemon) collects and maintains information about the system's hardware configuration. This service is required on a workstation running a desktop environment, and may be necessary on any system which deals with removable media or devices. The haldaemon service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig haldaemon off

Rationale:

The haldaemon provides essential functionality on systems that use removable media or devices, but can be disabled for systems that do not require these.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_haldaemon_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable haldaemon


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service haldaemon
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - haldaemon
  tags:
    - service_haldaemon_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27086-8
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable SMART Disk Monitoring Service (smartd)   [ref]

SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) is a feature of hard drives that allows them to detect symptoms of disk failure and relay an appropriate warning. The smartd service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig smartd off

Rationale:

SMART can help protect against denial of service due to failing hardware. Nevertheless, if it is not needed or the system's drives are not SMART-capable (such as solid state drives), it can be disabled.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_smartd_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable smartd


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service smartd
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - smartd
  tags:
    - service_smartd_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26853-2
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable Apache Qpid (qpidd)   [ref]

The qpidd service provides high speed, secure, guaranteed delivery services. It is an implementation of the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol. By default the qpidd service will bind to port 5672 and listen for connection attempts. The qpidd service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig qpidd off

Rationale:

The qpidd service is automatically installed when the "base" package selection is selected during installation. The qpidd service listens for network connections, which increases the attack surface of the system. If the system is not intended to receive AMQP traffic, then the qpidd service is not needed and should be disabled or removed.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_qpidd_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000382, CM-7, SRG-OS-000096, SV-50449r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable qpidd


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service qpidd
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - qpidd
  tags:
    - service_qpidd_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26928-2
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000267

Rule   Disable Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (abrtd)   [ref]

The Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (abrtd) daemon collects and reports crash data when an application crash is detected. Using a variety of plugins, abrtd can email crash reports to system administrators, log crash reports to files, or forward crash reports to a centralized issue tracking system such as RHTSupport. The abrtd service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig abrtd off

Rationale:

Mishandling crash data could expose sensitive information about vulnerabilities in software executing on the local system, as well as sensitive information from within a process's address space or registers.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_abrtd_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000381, CM-7, SRG-OS-000096, SV-50441r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable abrtd


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service abrtd
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - abrtd
  tags:
    - service_abrtd_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27247-6
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000261

Rule   Disable Control Group Config (cgconfig)   [ref]

Control groups allow an administrator to allocate system resources (such as CPU, memory, network bandwidth, etc) among a defined group (or groups) of processes executing on a system. The cgconfig daemon starts at boot and establishes the predefined control groups. The cgconfig service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig cgconfig off

Rationale:

Unless control groups are used to manage system resources, running the cgconfig service is not necessary.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_cgconfig_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable cgconfig


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service cgconfig
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - cgconfig
  tags:
    - service_cgconfig_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27250-0
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable Cyrus SASL Authentication Daemon (saslauthd)   [ref]

The saslauthd service handles plaintext authentication requests on behalf of the SASL library. The service isolates all code requiring superuser privileges for SASL authentication into a single process, and can also be used to provide proxy authentication services to clients that do not understand SASL based authentication. The saslauthd service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig saslauthd off

Rationale:

The saslauthd service provides essential functionality for performing authentication in some directory environments, such as those which use Kerberos and LDAP. For others, however, in which only local files may be consulted, it is not necessary and should be disabled.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_saslauthd_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable saslauthd


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service saslauthd
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - saslauthd
  tags:
    - service_saslauthd_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27263-3
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable ntpdate Service (ntpdate)   [ref]

The ntpdate service sets the local hardware clock by polling NTP servers when the system boots. It synchronizes to the NTP servers listed in /etc/ntp/step-tickers or /etc/ntp.conf and then sets the local hardware clock to the newly synchronized system time. The ntpdate service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig ntpdate off

Rationale:

The ntpdate service may only be suitable for systems which are rebooted frequently enough that clock drift does not cause problems between reboots. In any event, the functionality of the ntpdate service is now available in the ntpd program and should be considered deprecated.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_ntpdate_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000382, CM-7, SRG-OS-000096, SV-50445r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable ntpdate


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service ntpdate
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - ntpdate
  tags:
    - service_ntpdate_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27256-7
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000265

Rule   Disable KDump Kernel Crash Analyzer (kdump)   [ref]

The kdump service provides a kernel crash dump analyzer. It uses the kexec system call to boot a secondary kernel ("capture" kernel) following a system crash, which can load information from the crashed kernel for analysis. The kdump service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig kdump off

Rationale:

Unless the system is used for kernel development or testing, there is little need to run the kdump service.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_kdump_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable kdump


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service kdump
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - kdump
  tags:
    - service_kdump_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26850-8
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable Red Hat Subscription Manager Daemon (rhsmcertd)   [ref]

The Red Hat Subscription Manager (rhsmcertd) periodically checks for changes in the entitlement certificates for a registered system and updates it accordingly. The rhsmcertd service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig rhsmcertd off

Rationale:

The rhsmcertd service can provide administrators with some additional control over which of their systems are entitled to particular subscriptions. However, for systems that are managed locally or which are not expected to require remote changes to their subscription status, it is unnecessary and can be disabled.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_rhsmcertd_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable rhsmcertd


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service rhsmcertd
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - rhsmcertd
  tags:
    - service_rhsmcertd_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27262-5
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable Portreserve (portreserve)   [ref]

The portreserve service is a TCP port reservation utility that can be used to prevent portmap from binding to well known TCP ports that are required for other services. The portreserve service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig portreserve off

Rationale:

The portreserve service provides helpful functionality by preventing conflicting usage of ports in the reserved port range, but it can be disabled if not needed.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_portreserve_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable portreserve


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service portreserve
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - portreserve
  tags:
    - service_portreserve_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27258-3
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable System Statistics Reset Service (sysstat)   [ref]

The sysstat service resets various I/O and CPU performance statistics to zero in order to begin counting from a fresh state at boot time. The sysstat service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig sysstat off

Rationale:

By default the sysstat service merely runs a program at boot to reset the statistics, which can be retrieved using programs such as sar and sadc. These may provide useful insight into system operation, but unless used this service can be disabled.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_sysstat_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable sysstat


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service sysstat
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - sysstat
  tags:
    - service_sysstat_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27265-8
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
Group   System Settings   Group contains 54 groups and 165 rules

[ref]   Contains rules that check correct system settings.

Group   Configure Syslog   Group contains 3 groups and 5 rules

[ref]   The syslog service has been the default Unix logging mechanism for many years. It has a number of downsides, including inconsistent log format, lack of authentication for received messages, and lack of authentication, encryption, or reliable transport for messages sent over a network. However, due to its long history, syslog is a de facto standard which is supported by almost all Unix applications.

In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, rsyslog has replaced ksyslogd as the syslog daemon of choice, and it includes some additional security features such as reliable, connection-oriented (i.e. TCP) transmission of logs, the option to log to database formats, and the encryption of log data en route to a central logging server. This section discusses how to configure rsyslog for best effect, and how to use tools provided with the system to maintain and monitor logs.

Group   Ensure Proper Configuration of Log Files   Group contains 2 rules

[ref]   The file /etc/rsyslog.conf controls where log message are written. These are controlled by lines called rules, which consist of a selector and an action. These rules are often customized depending on the role of the system, the requirements of the environment, and whatever may enable the administrator to most effectively make use of log data. The default rules in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 are:

*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none                /var/log/messages
authpriv.*                                              /var/log/secure
mail.*                                                  -/var/log/maillog
cron.*                                                  /var/log/cron
*.emerg                                                 *
uucp,news.crit                                          /var/log/spooler
local7.*                                                /var/log/boot.log
See the man page rsyslog.conf(5) for more information. Note that the rsyslog daemon can be configured to use a timestamp format that some log processing programs may not understand. If this occurs, edit the file /etc/rsyslog.conf and add or edit the following line:
$ ActionFileDefaultTemplate RSYSLOG_TraditionalFileFormat

Rule   Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate Group   [ref]

The group-owner of all log files written by rsyslog should be root. These log files are determined by the second part of each Rule line in /etc/rsyslog.conf and typically all appear in /var/log. For each log file LOGFILE referenced in /etc/rsyslog.conf, run the following command to inspect the file's group owner:

$ ls -l LOGFILE
If the owner is not root, run the following command to correct this:
$ sudo chgrp root LOGFILE

Rationale:

The log files generated by rsyslog contain valuable information regarding system configuration, user authentication, and other such information. Log files should be protected from unauthorized access.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_rsyslog_files_groupownership
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001314, AC-6, SI-11, Req-10.5.1, Req-10.5.2, SRG-OS-000206, SV-50320r2_rule

Rule   Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate User   [ref]

The owner of all log files written by rsyslog should be root. These log files are determined by the second part of each Rule line in /etc/rsyslog.conf and typically all appear in /var/log. For each log file LOGFILE referenced in /etc/rsyslog.conf, run the following command to inspect the file's owner:

$ ls -l LOGFILE
If the owner is not root, run the following command to correct this:
$ sudo chown root LOGFILE

Rationale:

The log files generated by rsyslog contain valuable information regarding system configuration, user authentication, and other such information. Log files should be protected from unauthorized access.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_rsyslog_files_ownership
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001314, AC-6, SI-11, Req-10.5.1, Req-10.5.2, SRG-OS-000206, SV-50319r2_rule

Group   Configure <tt>rsyslogd</tt> to Accept Remote Messages If Acting as a Log Server   Group contains 1 rule

[ref]   By default, rsyslog does not listen over the network for log messages. If needed, modules can be enabled to allow the rsyslog daemon to receive messages from other systems and for the system thus to act as a log server. If the machine is not a log server, then lines concerning these modules should remain commented out.

Rule   Ensure rsyslog Does Not Accept Remote Messages Unless Acting As Log Server   [ref]

The rsyslog daemon should not accept remote messages unless the system acts as a log server. To ensure that it is not listening on the network, ensure the following lines are not found in /etc/rsyslog.conf:

$ModLoad imtcp
$InputTCPServerRun port
$ModLoad imudp
$UDPServerRun port
$ModLoad imrelp
$InputRELPServerRun port

Rationale:

Any process which receives messages from the network incurs some risk of receiving malicious messages. This risk can be eliminated for rsyslog by configuring it not to listen on the network.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_rsyslog_nolisten
Identifiers and References

References:  AU-9(2), AC-4

Group   Ensure All Logs are Rotated by <tt>logrotate</tt>   Group contains 1 rule

[ref]   Edit the file /etc/logrotate.d/syslog. Find the first line, which should look like this (wrapped for clarity):

/var/log/messages /var/log/secure /var/log/maillog /var/log/spooler \
  /var/log/boot.log /var/log/cron {
Edit this line so that it contains a one-space-separated listing of each log file referenced in /etc/rsyslog.conf.

All logs in use on a system must be rotated regularly, or the log files will consume disk space over time, eventually interfering with system operation. The file /etc/logrotate.d/syslog is the configuration file used by the logrotate program to maintain all log files written by syslog. By default, it rotates logs weekly and stores four archival copies of each log. These settings can be modified by editing /etc/logrotate.conf, but the defaults are sufficient for purposes of this guide.

Note that logrotate is run nightly by the cron job /etc/cron.daily/logrotate. If particularly active logs need to be rotated more often than once a day, some other mechanism must be used.

Rule   Ensure Logrotate Runs Periodically   [ref]

The logrotate utility allows for the automatic rotation of log files. The frequency of rotation is specified in /etc/logrotate.conf, which triggers a cron task. To configure logrotate to run daily, add or correct the following line in /etc/logrotate.conf:

# rotate log files frequency
daily

Rationale:

Log files that are not properly rotated run the risk of growing so large that they fill up the /var/log partition. Valuable logging information could be lost if the /var/log partition becomes full.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_ensure_logrotate_activated
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000366, AU-9, Req-10.7, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50425r1_rule




LOGROTATE_CONF_FILE="/etc/logrotate.conf"
CRON_DAILY_LOGROTATE_FILE="/etc/cron.daily/logrotate"

# daily rotation is configured
grep -q "^daily$" $LOGROTATE_CONF_FILE|| echo "daily" >> $LOGROTATE_CONF_FILE

# remove any line configuring weekly, monthly or yearly rotation
sed -i -r "/^(weekly|monthly|yearly)$/d" $LOGROTATE_CONF_FILE

# configure cron.daily if not already
if ! grep -q "^[[:space:]]*/usr/sbin/logrotate[[:alnum:][:blank:][:punct:]]*$LOGROTATE_CONF_FILE$" $CRON_DAILY_LOGROTATE_FILE; then
	echo "#!/bin/sh" > $CRON_DAILY_LOGROTATE_FILE
	echo "/usr/sbin/logrotate $LOGROTATE_CONF_FILE" >> $CRON_DAILY_LOGROTATE_FILE
fi

Rule   Ensure rsyslog is Installed   [ref]

Rsyslog is installed by default. The rsyslog package can be installed with the following command:

$ sudo yum install rsyslog

Rationale:

The rsyslog package provides the rsyslog daemon, which provides system logging services.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_rsyslog_installed
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001311, CCI-001312, AU-9(2)



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
# Function to install packages on RHEL, Fedora, Debian, and possibly other systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     package_install aide
#
function package_install {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local package="$1"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "1" ]
then
  echo "Usage: package_install 'package_name'"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

if which dnf ; then
  if ! rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    dnf install -y "$package"
  fi
elif which yum ; then
  if ! rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    yum install -y "$package"
  fi
elif which apt-get ; then
  apt-get install -y "$package"
else
  echo "Failed to detect available packaging system, tried dnf, yum and apt-get!"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

}

package_install rsyslog


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
- name: Ensure rsyslog is installed
  package:
    name="{{item}}"
    state=present
  with_items:
    - rsyslog
  tags:
    - package_rsyslog_installed
    - medium_severity
    - enable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26809-4
    - NIST-800-53-AU-9(2)


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
include install_rsyslog

class install_rsyslog {
  package { 'rsyslog':
    ensure => 'installed',
  }
}


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable

package --add=rsyslog
Group   Network Configuration and Firewalls   Group contains 13 groups and 33 rules

[ref]   Most machines must be connected to a network of some sort, and this brings with it the substantial risk of network attack. This section discusses the security impact of decisions about networking which must be made when configuring a system.

This section also discusses firewalls, network access controls, and other network security frameworks, which allow system-level rules to be written that can limit an attackers' ability to connect to your system. These rules can specify that network traffic should be allowed or denied from certain IP addresses, hosts, and networks. The rules can also specify which of the system's network services are available to particular hosts or networks.

Group   iptables and ip6tables   Group contains 2 groups and 5 rules

[ref]   A host-based firewall called netfilter is included as part of the Linux kernel distributed with the system. It is activated by default. This firewall is controlled by the program iptables, and the entire capability is frequently referred to by this name. An analogous program called ip6tables handles filtering for IPv6.

Unlike TCP Wrappers, which depends on the network server program to support and respect the rules written, netfilter filtering occurs at the kernel level, before a program can even process the data from the network packet. As such, any program on the system is affected by the rules written.

This section provides basic information about strengthening the iptables and ip6tables configurations included with the system. For more complete information that may allow the construction of a sophisticated ruleset tailored to your environment, please consult the references at the end of this section.

Group   Strengthen the Default Ruleset   Group contains 2 rules

[ref]   The default rules can be strengthened. The system scripts that activate the firewall rules expect them to be defined in the configuration files iptables and ip6tables in the directory /etc/sysconfig. Many of the lines in these files are similar to the command line arguments that would be provided to the programs /sbin/iptables or /sbin/ip6tables - but some are quite different.

The following recommendations describe how to strengthen the default ruleset configuration file. An alternative to editing this configuration file is to create a shell script that makes calls to the iptables program to load in rules, and then invokes service iptables save to write those loaded rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables.

The following alterations can be made directly to /etc/sysconfig/iptables and /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables. Instructions apply to both unless otherwise noted. Language and address conventions for regular iptables are used throughout this section; configuration for ip6tables will be either analogous or explicitly covered.

Rule   Set Default iptables Policy for Forwarded Packets   [ref]

To set the default policy to DROP (instead of ACCEPT) for the built-in FORWARD chain which processes packets that will be forwarded from one interface to another, add or correct the following line in /etc/sysconfig/iptables:

:FORWARD DROP [0:0]

Rationale:

In iptables, the default policy is applied only after all the applicable rules in the table are examined for a match. Setting the default policy to DROP implements proper design for a firewall, i.e. any packets which are not explicitly permitted should not be accepted.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_set_iptables_default_rule_forward
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001109, CM-7, SRG-OS-000147, SV-50487r2_rule



sed -i 's/^:FORWARD ACCEPT.*/:FORWARD DROP [0:0]/g' /etc/sysconfig/iptables

Rule   Set Default iptables Policy for Incoming Packets   [ref]

To set the default policy to DROP (instead of ACCEPT) for the built-in INPUT chain which processes incoming packets, add or correct the following line in /etc/sysconfig/iptables:

:INPUT DROP [0:0]

Rationale:

In iptables the default policy is applied only after all the applicable rules in the table are examined for a match. Setting the default policy to DROP implements proper design for a firewall, i.e. any packets which are not explicitly permitted should not be accepted.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_set_iptables_default_rule
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000066, CCI-001109, CCI-001154, CCI-001414, CM-7, SRG-OS-000231, SV-50314r2_rule



sed -i 's/^:INPUT ACCEPT.*/:INPUT DROP [0:0]/g' /etc/sysconfig/iptables
Group   Inspect and Activate Default Rules   Group contains 3 rules

[ref]   View the currently-enforced iptables rules by running the command:

$ sudo iptables -nL --line-numbers
The command is analogous for ip6tables.

If the firewall does not appear to be active (i.e., no rules appear), activate it and ensure that it starts at boot by issuing the following commands (and analogously for ip6tables):
$ sudo service iptables restart
The default iptables rules are:
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num  target     prot opt source       destination
1    ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0    0.0.0.0/0    state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 
2    ACCEPT     icmp --  0.0.0.0/0    0.0.0.0/0
3    ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0    0.0.0.0/0
4    ACCEPT     tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0    0.0.0.0/0    state NEW tcp dpt:22 
5    REJECT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0    0.0.0.0/0    reject-with icmp-host-prohibited 

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
num  target     prot opt source       destination
1    REJECT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0    0.0.0.0/0    reject-with icmp-host-prohibited 

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num  target     prot opt source       destination
The ip6tables default rules are essentially the same.

Rule   Verify ip6tables Enabled if Using IPv6   [ref]

The ip6tables service can be enabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 ip6tables on

Rationale:

The ip6tables service provides the system's host-based firewalling capability for IPv6 and ICMPv6.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_ip6tables_enabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000032, CCI-000066, CCI-001115, CCI-001118, CCI-001092, CCI-001117, CCI-001098, CCI-001100, CCI-001097, CCI-001414, AC-4, CA-3(c), CM-7, SRG-OS-000152, SRG-OS-000145, SRG-OS-000146, SV-50350r3_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command enable ip6tables


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
- name: Enable service ip6tables
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="yes"
    state="started"
  with_items:
    - ip6tables
  tags:
    - service_ip6tables_enabled
    - medium_severity
    - enable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27006-6
    - NIST-800-53-AC-4
    - NIST-800-53-CA-3(c)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000103

Rule   Set Default ip6tables Policy for Incoming Packets   [ref]

To set the default policy to DROP (instead of ACCEPT) for the built-in INPUT chain which processes incoming packets, add or correct the following line in /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables:

:INPUT DROP [0:0]
If changes were required, reload the ip6tables rules:
$ sudo service ip6tables reload

Rationale:

In ip6tables, the default policy is applied only after all the applicable rules in the table are examined for a match. Setting the default policy to DROP implements proper design for a firewall, i.e. any packets which are not explicitly permitted should not be accepted.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_set_ip6tables_default_rule
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000066, CM-7, SRG-OS-000231, SV-50244r2_rule



sed -i 's/^:INPUT ACCEPT.*/:INPUT DROP [0:0]/g' /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables

Rule   Verify iptables Enabled   [ref]

The iptables service can be enabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 iptables on

Rationale:

The iptables service provides the system's host-based firewalling capability for IPv4 and ICMP.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_iptables_enabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000032, CCI-000066, CCI-001115, CCI-001118, CCI-001092, CCI-001117, CCI-001098, CCI-001100, CCI-001097, CCI-001414, AC-4, CA-3(c), CM-7, SRG-OS-000146, SRG-OS-000152, SRG-OS-000145, SV-50313r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command enable iptables


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
- name: Enable service iptables
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="yes"
    state="started"
  with_items:
    - iptables
  tags:
    - service_iptables_enabled
    - medium_severity
    - enable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27018-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-4
    - NIST-800-53-CA-3(c)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000117
Group   IPv6   Group contains 3 groups and 4 rules

[ref]   The system includes support for Internet Protocol version 6. A major and often-mentioned improvement over IPv4 is its enormous increase in the number of available addresses. Another important feature is its support for automatic configuration of many network settings.

Group   Configure IPv6 Settings if Necessary   Group contains 1 group and 2 rules

[ref]   A major feature of IPv6 is the extent to which systems implementing it can automatically configure their networking devices using information from the network. From a security perspective, manually configuring important configuration information is preferable to accepting it from the network in an unauthenticated fashion.

Group   Disable Automatic Configuration   Group contains 2 rules

[ref]   Disable the system's acceptance of router advertisements and redirects by adding or correcting the following line in /etc/sysconfig/network (note that this does not disable sending router solicitations):

IPV6_AUTOCONF=no

Rule   Configure Accepting IPv6 Router Advertisements   [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra=0
If this is not the system's default value, add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 0

Rationale:

An illicit router advertisement message could result in a man-in-the-middle attack.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_ra
Identifiers and References

References:  4.4.1.1, CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable

sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_ra_value="(N/A)"

#
# Set runtime for net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra=$sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_ra_value

#
# If net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra' "$sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_ra_value" 'CCE-27164-3'


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_ra_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_ra_value: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra
    value: "{{ sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_ra_value }}"
    state: present
    reload: yes
  tags:
    - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_ra
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27164-3
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Configure Accepting IPv6 Redirects By Default   [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects=0
If this is not the system's default value, add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0

Rationale:

An illicit ICMP redirect message could result in a man-in-the-middle attack.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_redirects
Identifiers and References

References:  4.4.1.2, CCI-001551, CM-7, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50349r3_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable

sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_redirects_value="(N/A)"

#
# Set runtime for net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects=$sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_redirects_value

#
# If net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects' "$sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_redirects_value" 'CCE-27166-8'


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_redirects_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_redirects_value: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects
    value: "{{ sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_redirects_value }}"
    state: present
    reload: yes
  tags:
    - sysctl_net_ipv6_conf_default_accept_redirects
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27166-8
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000099
Group   Disable Support for IPv6 Unless Needed   Group contains 2 rules

[ref]   Despite configuration that suggests support for IPv6 has been disabled, link-local IPv6 address auto-configuration occurs even when only an IPv4 address is assigned. The only way to effectively prevent execution of the IPv6 networking stack is to instruct the system not to activate the IPv6 kernel module.

Rule   Disable Support for RPC IPv6   [ref]

RPC services for NFSv4 try to load transport modules for udp6 and tcp6 by default, even if IPv6 has been disabled in /etc/modprobe.d. To prevent RPC services such as rpc.mountd from attempting to start IPv6 network listeners, remove or comment out the following two lines in /etc/netconfig:

udp6       tpi_clts      v     inet6    udp     -       -
tcp6       tpi_cots_ord  v     inet6    tcp     -       -

Rationale:

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_network_ipv6_disable_rpc
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7




# Drop 'tcp6' and 'udp6' entries from /etc/netconfig to prevent RPC
# services for NFSv4 from attempting to start IPv6 network listeners
declare -a IPV6_RPC_ENTRIES=("tcp6" "udp6")

for rpc_entry in ${IPV6_RPC_ENTRIES[@]}
do
	sed -i "/^$rpc_entry[[:space:]]\+tpi\_.*inet6.*/d" /etc/netconfig
done

Rule   Disable IPv6 Networking Support Automatic Loading   [ref]

To prevent the IPv6 kernel module (ipv6) from binding to the IPv6 networking stack, add the following line to /etc/modprobe.d/disabled.conf (or another file in /etc/modprobe.d):

options ipv6 disable=1
This permits the IPv6 module to be loaded (and thus satisfy other modules that depend on it), while disabling support for the IPv6 protocol.

Rationale:

Any unnecessary network stacks - including IPv6 - should be disabled, to reduce the vulnerability to exploitation.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kernel_module_ipv6_option_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001551, CM-7, SRG-OS-999999




# Prevent the IPv6 kernel module (ipv6) from loading the IPv6 networking stack
echo "options ipv6 disable=1" > /etc/modprobe.d/ipv6.conf

# Since according to: https://access.redhat.com/solutions/72733
# "ipv6 disable=1" options doesn't always disable the IPv6 networking stack from
# loading, instruct also sysctl configuration to disable IPv6 according to:
# https://access.redhat.com/solutions/8709#rhel6disable

declare -a IPV6_SETTINGS=("net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6" "net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6")

for setting in ${IPV6_SETTINGS[@]}
do
	# Set runtime =1 for setting
	/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w "$setting=1"

	# If setting is present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to "1"
	# else, add "$setting = 1" to /etc/sysctl.conf
	if grep -q ^"$setting" /etc/sysctl.conf ; then
		sed -i "s/^$setting.*/$setting = 1/g" /etc/sysctl.conf
	else
		echo "" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
		echo "# Set $setting = 1 per security requirements" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
		echo "$setting = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
	fi
done
Group   Kernel Parameters Which Affect Networking   Group contains 2 groups and 14 rules

[ref]   The sysctl utility is used to set parameters which affect the operation of the Linux kernel. Kernel parameters which affect networking and have security implications are described here.

Group   Network Related Kernel Runtime Parameters for Hosts and Routers   Group contains 11 rules

[ref]   Certain kernel parameters should be set for systems which are acting as either hosts or routers to improve the system's ability defend against certain types of IPv4 protocol attacks.

Rule   Configure Kernel Parameter for Accepting Source-Routed Packets By Default   [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0
If this is not the system's default value, add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

Rationale:

Accepting source-routed packets in the IPv4 protocol has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001551, AC-4, CM-7, SC-5, SC-7, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50330r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route_value="(N/A)"

#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route_value

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route' "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route_value" 'CCE-26983-7'


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route_value: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route
    value: "{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route_value }}"
    state: present
    reload: yes
  tags:
    - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_source_route
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26983-7
    - NIST-800-53-AC-4
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-SC-5
    - NIST-800-53-SC-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000089

Rule   Configure Kernel Parameter to Ignore Bogus ICMP Error Responses   [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses=1
If this is not the system's default value, add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1

Rationale:

Ignoring bogus ICMP error responses reduces log size, although some activity would not be logged.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7, SC-5, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50338r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable

sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses_value="(N/A)"

#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses=$sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses_value

#
# If net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses' "$sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses_value" 'CCE-26993-6'


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses_value: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
    value: "{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses_value }}"
    state: present
    reload: yes
  tags:
    - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26993-6
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-SC-5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000093

Rule   Configure Kernel Parameter for Accepting ICMP Redirects By Default   [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0
If this is not the system's default value, add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0

Rationale:

This feature of the IPv4 protocol has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001551, AC-4, CM-7, SC-5, SC-7, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50334r3_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects_value="(N/A)"

#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects_value

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects' "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects_value" 'CCE-27015-7'


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects_value: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects
    value: "{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects_value }}"
    state: present
    reload: yes
  tags:
    - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_accept_redirects
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27015-7
    - NIST-800-53-AC-4
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-SC-5
    - NIST-800-53-SC-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000091

Rule   Configure Kernel Parameter to Use Reverse Path Filtering by Default   [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1
If this is not the system's default value, add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

Rationale:

Enabling reverse path filtering drops packets with source addresses that should not have been able to be received on the interface they were received on. It should not be used on systems which are routers for complicated networks, but is helpful for end hosts and routers serving small networks.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter
Identifiers and References

References:  AC-4, SC-5, SC-7, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50345r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter_value="(N/A)"

#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter_value

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter' "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter_value" 'CCE-26915-9'


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter_value: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter
    value: "{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter_value }}"
    state: present
    reload: yes
  tags:
    - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_rp_filter
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26915-9
    - NIST-800-53-AC-4
    - NIST-800-53-SC-5
    - NIST-800-53-SC-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000097

Rule   Configure Kernel Parameter for Accepting Secure Redirects for All Interfaces   [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects=0
If this is not the system's default value, add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0

Rationale:

Accepting "secure" ICMP redirects (from those gateways listed as default gateways) has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001503, CCI-001551, AC-4, CM-7, SC-5, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50327r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects_value="(N/A)"

#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects=$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects_value

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects' "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects_value" 'CCE-26854-0'


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects_value: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects
    value: "{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects_value }}"
    state: present
    reload: yes
  tags:
    - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_secure_redirects
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26854-0
    - NIST-800-53-AC-4
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-SC-5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000086

Rule   Configure Kernel Parameter for Accepting Secure Redirects By Default   [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects=0
If this is not the system's default value, add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0

Rationale:

Accepting "secure" ICMP redirects (from those gateways listed as default gateways) has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001551, AC-4, CM-7, SC-5, SC-7, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50333r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects_value="(N/A)"

#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects=$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects_value

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects' "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects_value" 'CCE-26831-8'


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects_value: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects
    value: "{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects_value }}"
    state: present
    reload: yes
  tags:
    - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_secure_redirects
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26831-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-4
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-SC-5
    - NIST-800-53-SC-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000090

Rule   Configure Kernel Parameter to Use TCP Syncookies   [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1
If this is not the system's default value, add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

Rationale:

A TCP SYN flood attack can cause a denial of service by filling a system's TCP connection table with connections in the SYN_RCVD state. Syncookies can be used to track a connection when a subsequent ACK is received, verifying the initiator is attempting a valid connection and is not a flood source. This feature is activated when a flood condition is detected, and enables the system to continue servicing valid connection requests.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001092, CCI-001095, AC-4, SC-5(2), SC-5(3), SRG-OS-000142, SV-50340r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable

sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies_value="(N/A)"

#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=$sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies_value

#
# If net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies' "$sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies_value" 'CCE-27053-8'


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies_value: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies
    value: "{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies_value }}"
    state: present
    reload: yes
  tags:
    - sysctl_net_ipv4_tcp_syncookies
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27053-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-4
    - NIST-800-53-SC-5(2)
    - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000095

Rule   Configure Kernel Parameter to Log Martian Packets   [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians=1
If this is not the system's default value, add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1

Rationale:

The presence of "martian" packets (which have impossible addresses) as well as spoofed packets, source-routed packets, and redirects could be a sign of nefarious network activity. Logging these packets enables this activity to be detected.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), CM-7, SC-5(3), SRG-OS-999999, SV-50329r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians_value="0"

#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians=$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians_value

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians' "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians_value" 'CCE-27066-0'


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians_value: 0
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians
    value: "{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians_value }}"
    state: present
    reload: yes
  tags:
    - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_log_martians
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27066-0
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-SC-5(3)
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000088

Rule   Configure Kernel Parameter to Use Reverse Path Filtering for All Interfaces   [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1
If this is not the system's default value, add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

Rationale:

Enabling reverse path filtering drops packets with source addresses that should not have been able to be received on the interface they were received on. It should not be used on systems which are routers for complicated networks, but is helpful for end hosts and routers serving small networks.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001551, AC-4, SC-5, SC-7, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50343r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter_value="(N/A)"

#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter_value

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter' "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter_value" 'CCE-26979-5'


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter_value: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter
    value: "{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter_value }}"
    state: present
    reload: yes
  tags:
    - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_rp_filter
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26979-5
    - NIST-800-53-AC-4
    - NIST-800-53-SC-5
    - NIST-800-53-SC-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000096

Rule   Configure Kernel Parameter to Ignore ICMP Broadcast Echo Requests   [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1
If this is not the system's default value, add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

Rationale:

Ignoring ICMP echo requests (pings) sent to broadcast or multicast addresses makes the system slightly more difficult to enumerate on the network.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001551, CM-7, SC-5, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50336r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable

sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts_value="(N/A)"

#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=$sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts_value

#
# If net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts' "$sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts_value" 'CCE-26883-9'


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts_value: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
    value: "{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts_value }}"
    state: present
    reload: yes
  tags:
    - sysctl_net_ipv4_icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26883-9
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-SC-5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000092

Rule   Configure Kernel Parameter for Accepting Source-Routed Packets for All Interfaces   [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route=0
If this is not the system's default value, add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0

Rationale:

Accepting source-routed packets in the IPv4 protocol has few legitimate uses. It should be disabled unless it is absolutely required.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001551, CM-7, SC-5, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50324r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable

sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route_value="(N/A)"

#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route=$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route_value

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to appropriate value
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = value" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route' "$sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route_value" 'CCE-27037-1'


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: XCCDF Value sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route_value # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route_value: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route is set
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route
    value: "{{ sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route_value }}"
    state: present
    reload: yes
  tags:
    - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_accept_source_route
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27037-1
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-SC-5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000083
Group   Network Parameters for Hosts Only   Group contains 3 rules

[ref]   If the system is not going to be used as a router, then setting certain kernel parameters ensure that the host will not perform routing of network traffic.

Rule   Disable Kernel Parameter for IP Forwarding   [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.ip_forward kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=0
If this is not the system's default value, add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

Rationale:

IP forwarding permits the kernel to forward packets from one network interface to another. The ability to forward packets between two networks is only appropriate for systems acting as routers.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_ip_forward
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000366, CM-7, SC-5, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50312r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.ip_forward
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=0

#
# If net.ipv4.ip_forward present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to "0"
#	else, add "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^net.ipv4.ip_forward' "0" 'CCE-26866-4'


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward is set to 0
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.ip_forward
    value: 0
    state: present
    reload: yes
  tags:
    - sysctl_net_ipv4_ip_forward
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26866-4
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-SC-5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000082

Rule   Disable Kernel Parameter for Sending ICMP Redirects for All Interfaces   [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0
If this is not the system's default value, add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0

Rationale:

Sending ICMP redirects permits the system to instruct other systems to update their routing information. The ability to send ICMP redirects is only appropriate for systems acting as routers.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_send_redirects
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001551, CM-7, SC-5(1), SRG-OS-999999, SV-50402r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to "0"
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects' "0" 'CCE-27004-1'


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects is set to 0
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects
    value: 0
    state: present
    reload: yes
  tags:
    - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_all_send_redirects
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27004-1
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-SC-5(1)
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000081

Rule   Disable Kernel Parameter for Sending ICMP Redirects by Default   [ref]

To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command:

$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0
If this is not the system's default value, add the following line to /etc/sysctl.conf:
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0

Rationale:

Sending ICMP redirects permits the system to instruct other systems to update their routing information. The ability to send ICMP redirects is only appropriate for systems acting as routers.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_send_redirects
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001551, AC-4, CM-7, SC-5, SC-7, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50401r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable


#
# Set runtime for net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects
#
/sbin/sysctl -q -n -w net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0

#
# If net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects present in /etc/sysctl.conf, change value to "0"
#	else, add "net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0" to /etc/sysctl.conf
#
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects' "0" 'CCE-27001-7'


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure sysctl net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects is set to 0
  sysctl:
    name: net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects
    value: 0
    state: present
    reload: yes
  tags:
    - sysctl_net_ipv4_conf_default_send_redirects
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27001-7
    - NIST-800-53-AC-4
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-SC-5
    - NIST-800-53-SC-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000080
Group   Uncommon Network Protocols   Group contains 4 rules

[ref]   The system includes support for several network protocols which are not commonly used. Although security vulnerabilities in kernel networking code are not frequently discovered, the consequences can be dramatic. Ensuring uncommon network protocols are disabled reduces the system's risk to attacks targeted at its implementation of those protocols.

Rule   Disable DCCP Support   [ref]

The Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) is a relatively new transport layer protocol, designed to support streaming media and telephony. To configure the system to prevent the dccp kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d:

install dccp /bin/true

Rationale:

Disabling DCCP protects the system against exploitation of any flaws in its implementation.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kernel_module_dccp_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000382, CM-7, SRG-OS-000096, SV-50315r5_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
if grep --silent "^install dccp" /etc/modprobe.d/dccp.conf ; then
	sed -i 's/^install dccp.*/install dccp /bin/true/g' /etc/modprobe.d/dccp.conf
else
	echo -e "\n# Disable per security requirements" >> /etc/modprobe.d/dccp.conf
	echo "install dccp /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/dccp.conf
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure kernel module 'dccp' is disabled
  lineinfile:
    create=yes
    dest="/etc/modprobe.d/{{item}}.conf"
    regexp="{{item}}"
    line="install {{item}} /bin/true"
  with_items:
    - dccp
  tags:
    - kernel_module_dccp_disabled
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26448-1
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000124

Rule   Disable RDS Support   [ref]

The Reliable Datagram Sockets (RDS) protocol is a transport layer protocol designed to provide reliable high- bandwidth, low-latency communications between nodes in a cluster. To configure the system to prevent the rds kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d:

install rds /bin/true

Rationale:

Disabling RDS protects the system against exploitation of any flaws in its implementation.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kernel_module_rds_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000382, CM-7, SRG-OS-000096, SV-50317r3_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
if grep --silent "^install rds" /etc/modprobe.d/rds.conf ; then
	sed -i 's/^install rds.*/install rds /bin/true/g' /etc/modprobe.d/rds.conf
else
	echo -e "\n# Disable per security requirements" >> /etc/modprobe.d/rds.conf
	echo "install rds /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/rds.conf
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure kernel module 'rds' is disabled
  lineinfile:
    create=yes
    dest="/etc/modprobe.d/{{item}}.conf"
    regexp="{{item}}"
    line="install {{item}} /bin/true"
  with_items:
    - rds
  tags:
    - kernel_module_rds_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26239-4
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000126

Rule   Disable SCTP Support   [ref]

The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a transport layer protocol, designed to support the idea of message-oriented communication, with several streams of messages within one connection. To configure the system to prevent the sctp kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d:

install sctp /bin/true

Rationale:

Disabling SCTP protects the system against exploitation of any flaws in its implementation.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kernel_module_sctp_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000382, CM-7, SRG-OS-000096, SV-50316r5_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
if grep --silent "^install sctp" /etc/modprobe.d/sctp.conf ; then
	sed -i 's/^install sctp.*/install sctp /bin/true/g' /etc/modprobe.d/sctp.conf
else
	echo -e "\n# Disable per security requirements" >> /etc/modprobe.d/sctp.conf
	echo "install sctp /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/sctp.conf
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure kernel module 'sctp' is disabled
  lineinfile:
    create=yes
    dest="/etc/modprobe.d/{{item}}.conf"
    regexp="{{item}}"
    line="install {{item}} /bin/true"
  with_items:
    - sctp
  tags:
    - kernel_module_sctp_disabled
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26410-1
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000125

Rule   Disable TIPC Support   [ref]

The Transparent Inter-Process Communication (TIPC) protocol is designed to provide communications between nodes in a cluster. To configure the system to prevent the tipc kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d:

install tipc /bin/true

Rationale:

Disabling TIPC protects the system against exploitation of any flaws in its implementation.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kernel_module_tipc_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000382, CM-7, SRG-OS-000096, SV-50318r5_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
if grep --silent "^install tipc" /etc/modprobe.d/tipc.conf ; then
	sed -i 's/^install tipc.*/install tipc /bin/true/g' /etc/modprobe.d/tipc.conf
else
	echo -e "\n# Disable per security requirements" >> /etc/modprobe.d/tipc.conf
	echo "install tipc /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/tipc.conf
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure kernel module 'tipc' is disabled
  lineinfile:
    create=yes
    dest="/etc/modprobe.d/{{item}}.conf"
    regexp="{{item}}"
    line="install {{item}} /bin/true"
  with_items:
    - tipc
  tags:
    - kernel_module_tipc_disabled
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26696-5
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000127
Group   Wireless Networking   Group contains 1 group and 4 rules

[ref]   Wireless networking, such as 802.11 (WiFi) and Bluetooth, can present a security risk to sensitive or classified systems and networks. Wireless networking hardware is much more likely to be included in laptop or portable systems than in desktops or servers.

Removal of hardware provides the greatest assurance that the wireless capability remains disabled. Acquisition policies often include provisions to prevent the purchase of equipment that will be used in sensitive spaces and includes wireless capabilities. If it is impractical to remove the wireless hardware, and policy permits the device to enter sensitive spaces as long as wireless is disabled, efforts should instead focus on disabling wireless capability via software.

Group   Disable Wireless Through Software Configuration   Group contains 4 rules

[ref]   If it is impossible to remove the wireless hardware from the device in question, disable as much of it as possible through software. The following methods can disable software support for wireless networking, but note that these methods do not prevent malicious software or careless users from re-activating the devices.

Rule   Disable Bluetooth Kernel Modules   [ref]

The kernel's module loading system can be configured to prevent loading of the Bluetooth module. Add the following to the appropriate /etc/modprobe.d configuration file to prevent the loading of the Bluetooth module:

install bluetooth /bin/true

Rationale:

If Bluetooth functionality must be disabled, preventing the kernel from loading the kernel module provides an additional safeguard against its activation.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kernel_module_bluetooth_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000085, CCI-001551, AC-18(a), AC-18(d), AC-18(3), CM-7, SRG-OS-000034, SV-50483r5_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
if grep --silent "^install bluetooth" /etc/modprobe.d/bluetooth.conf ; then
	sed -i 's/^install bluetooth.*/install bluetooth /bin/true/g' /etc/modprobe.d/bluetooth.conf
else
	echo -e "\n# Disable per security requirements" >> /etc/modprobe.d/bluetooth.conf
	echo "install bluetooth /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/bluetooth.conf
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure kernel module 'bluetooth' is disabled
  lineinfile:
    create=yes
    dest="/etc/modprobe.d/{{item}}.conf"
    regexp="{{item}}"
    line="install {{item}} /bin/true"
  with_items:
    - bluetooth
  tags:
    - kernel_module_bluetooth_disabled
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26763-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-18(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-18(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-18(3)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000315

Rule   Disable WiFi or Bluetooth in BIOS   [ref]

Some systems that include built-in wireless support offer the ability to disable the device through the BIOS. This is system-specific; consult your hardware manual or explore the BIOS setup during boot.

Rationale:

Disabling wireless support in the BIOS prevents easy activation of the wireless interface, generally requiring administrators to reboot the system first.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_wireless_disable_in_bios
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000085, AC-18(a), AC-18(d), AC-18(3), CM-7

Rule   Disable Bluetooth Service   [ref]

The bluetooth service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig bluetooth off
$ sudo service bluetooth stop

Rationale:

Disabling the bluetooth service prevents the system from attempting connections to Bluetooth devices, which entails some security risk. Nevertheless, variation in this risk decision may be expected due to the utility of Bluetooth connectivity and its limited range.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_bluetooth_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000085, CCI-001551, AC-18(a), AC-18(d), AC-18(3), CM-7, SRG-OS-000034, SV-50492r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable bluetooth


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service bluetooth
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - bluetooth
  tags:
    - service_bluetooth_disabled
    - medium_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27081-9
    - NIST-800-53-AC-18(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-18(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-18(3)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000331

Rule   Deactivate Wireless Network Interfaces   [ref]

Deactivating wireless network interfaces should prevent normal usage of the wireless capability.

First, identify the interfaces available with the command:

$ ifconfig -a
Additionally, the following command may be used to determine whether wireless support is included for a particular interface, though this may not always be a clear indicator:
$ iwconfig
After identifying any wireless interfaces (which may have names like wlan0, ath0, wifi0, em1 or eth0), deactivate the interface with the command:
$ sudo ifdown interface
These changes will only last until the next reboot. To disable the interface for future boots, remove the appropriate interface file from /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts:
$ sudo rm /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-interface

Rationale:

The use of wireless networking can introduce many different attack vectors into the organization's network. Common attack vectors such as malicious association and ad hoc networks will allow an attacker to spoof a wireless access point (AP), allowing validated systems to connect to the malicious AP and enabling the attacker to monitor and record network traffic. These malicious APs can also serve to create a man-in-the-middle attack or be used to create a denial of service to valid network resources.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_wireless_disable_interfaces
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000085, CCI-002418, AC-18(a), AC-18(d), AC-18(3), CM-7, SV-87461r1_rule

Rule   Ensure System is Not Acting as a Network Sniffer   [ref]

The system should not be acting as a network sniffer, which can capture all traffic on the network to which it is connected. Run the following to determine if any interface is running in promiscuous mode:

$ ip link | grep PROMISC

Rationale:

If any results are returned, then a sniffing process (such as tcpdump or Wireshark) is likely to be using the interface and this should be investigated.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_network_sniffer_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7, MA-3

Rule   Disable Zeroconf Networking   [ref]

Zeroconf networking allows the system to assign itself an IP address and engage in IP communication without a statically-assigned address or even a DHCP server. Automatic address assignment via Zeroconf (or DHCP) is not recommended. To disable Zeroconf automatic route assignment in the 169.254.0.0 subnet, add or correct the following line in /etc/sysconfig/network:

NOZEROCONF=yes

Rationale:

Zeroconf addresses are in the network 169.254.0.0. The networking scripts add entries to the system's routing table for these addresses. Zeroconf address assignment commonly occurs when the system is configured to use DHCP but fails to receive an address assignment from the DHCP server.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_network_disable_zeroconf
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



echo "NOZEROCONF=yes" >> /etc/sysconfig/network
Group   SELinux   Group contains 6 rules

[ref]   SELinux is a feature of the Linux kernel which can be used to guard against misconfigured or compromised programs. SELinux enforces the idea that programs should be limited in what files they can access and what actions they can take.

The default SELinux policy, as configured on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, has been sufficiently developed and debugged that it should be usable on almost any Red Hat machine with minimal configuration and a small amount of system administrator training. This policy prevents system services - including most of the common network-visible services such as mail servers, FTP servers, and DNS servers - from accessing files which those services have no valid reason to access. This action alone prevents a huge amount of possible damage from network attacks against services, from trojaned software, and so forth.

This guide recommends that SELinux be enabled using the default (targeted) policy on every Red Hat system, unless that system has unusual requirements which make a stronger policy appropriate.

Rule   Configure SELinux Policy   [ref]

The SELinux targeted policy is appropriate for general-purpose desktops and servers, as well as systems in many other roles. To configure the system to use this policy, add or correct the following line in /etc/selinux/config:

SELINUXTYPE=(N/A)
Other policies, such as mls, provide additional security labeling and greater confinement but are not compatible with many general-purpose use cases.

Rationale:

Setting the SELinux policy to targeted or a more specialized policy ensures the system will confine processes that are likely to be targeted for exploitation, such as network or system services. Note: During the development or debugging of SELinux modules, it is common to temporarily place non-production systems in permissive mode. In such temporary cases, SELinux policies should be developed, and once work is completed, the system should be reconfigured to (N/A).

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_selinux_policytype
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000022, CCI-000032, AC-3, AC-3(3), AC-4, AC-6, AU-9, SRG-OS-999999, SV-65579r1_rule




var_selinux_policy_name="(N/A)"
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUXTYPE=' $var_selinux_policy_name 'CCE-26875-5' '%s=%s'


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict
- name: XCCDF Value var_selinux_policy_name # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_selinux_policy_name: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: "Configure SELinux Policy"
  lineinfile:
    path: /etc/sysconfig/selinux
    regexp: '^SELINUXTYPE='
    line: "SELINUXTYPE={{ var_selinux_policy_name }}"
    create: yes
  tags:
    - selinux_policytype
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26875-5
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(3)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-4
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - NIST-800-53-AU-9
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000023

Rule   Ensure SELinux Not Disabled in /etc/grub.conf   [ref]

SELinux can be disabled at boot time by an argument in /etc/grub.conf. Remove any instances of selinux=0 from the kernel arguments in that file to prevent SELinux from being disabled at boot.

Rationale:

Disabling a major host protection feature, such as SELinux, at boot time prevents it from confining system services at boot time. Further, it increases the chances that it will remain off during system operation.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_enable_selinux_bootloader
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000022, CCI-000032, AC-3, AC-3(3), AC-6, AU-9, SRG-OS-999999, SV-65547r2_rule



sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/selinux=0//gI" /etc/grub.conf
sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/enforcing=0//gI" /etc/grub.conf


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict
- name: Ensure SELinux Not Disabled in /etc/default/grub
  replace:
    dest: /etc/default/grub
    regexp: selinux=0
  tags:
    - enable_selinux_bootloader
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26956-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(3)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - NIST-800-53-AU-9
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000017

Rule   Ensure No Daemons are Unconfined by SELinux   [ref]

Daemons for which the SELinux policy does not contain rules will inherit the context of the parent process. Because daemons are launched during startup and descend from the init process, they inherit the initrc_t context.

To check for unconfined daemons, run the following command:

$ sudo ps -eZ | egrep "initrc" | egrep -vw "tr|ps|egrep|bash|awk" | tr ':' ' ' | awk '{ print $NF }'
It should produce no output in a well-configured system.

Rationale:

Daemons which run with the initrc_t context may cause AVC denials, or allow privileges that the daemon does not require.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_selinux_confinement_of_daemons
Identifiers and References

References:  AC-6, AU-9, CM-7

Rule   Ensure No Device Files are Unknown to SELinux   [ref]

Device files, which are used for communication with important system resources, should be labeled with proper SELinux types. If any device files carry the SELinux type device_t, report the bug so that policy can be corrected. Supply information about what the device is and what programs use it.

Rationale:

If a device file carries the SELinux type device_t, then SELinux cannot properly restrict access to the device file.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_selinux_all_devicefiles_labeled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000022, CCI-000032, AC-6, AU-9, CM-7, SRG-OS-999999, SV-65589r1_rule

Rule   Ensure SELinux State is Enforcing   [ref]

The SELinux state should be set to (N/A) at system boot time. In the file /etc/selinux/config, add or correct the following line to configure the system to boot into enforcing mode:

SELINUX=(N/A)

Rationale:

Setting the SELinux state to enforcing ensures SELinux is able to confine potentially compromised processes to the security policy, which is designed to prevent them from causing damage to the system or further elevating their privileges.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_selinux_state
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000022, CCI-000032, CCI-000026, AC-3, AC-3(3), AC-4, AC-6, AU-9, SRG-OS-999999, SV-65573r1_rule




var_selinux_state="(N/A)"
# Function to replace configuration setting in config file or add the configuration setting if
# it does not exist.
#
# Expects arguments:
#
# config_file:		Configuration file that will be modified
# key:			Configuration option to change
# value:		Value of the configuration option to change
# cce:			The CCE identifier or '@CCENUM@' if no CCE identifier exists
# format:		The printf-like format string that will be given stripped key and value as arguments,
#			so e.g. '%s=%s' will result in key=value subsitution (i.e. without spaces around =)
#
# Optional arugments:
#
# format:		Optional argument to specify the format of how key/value should be
# 			modified/appended in the configuration file. The default is key = value.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     With default format of 'key = value':
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysctl.conf' '^kernel.randomize_va_space' '2' '@CCENUM@'
#
#     With custom key/value format:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' 'disabled' '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
#     With a variable:
#     replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state '@CCENUM@' '%s=%s'
#
function replace_or_append {
  local default_format='%s = %s' case_insensitive_mode=yes sed_case_insensitive_option='' grep_case_insensitive_option=''
  local config_file=$1
  local key=$2
  local value=$3
  local cce=$4
  local format=$5

  if [ "$case_insensitive_mode" = yes ]; then
    sed_case_insensitive_option="i"
    grep_case_insensitive_option="-i"
  fi
  [ -n "$format" ] || format="$default_format"
  # Check sanity of the input
  [ $# -ge "3" ] || { echo "Usage: replace_or_append <config_file_location> <key_to_search> <new_value> [<CCE number or literal '@CCENUM@' if unknown>] [printf-like format, default is '$default_format']" >&2; exit 1; }

  # Test if the config_file is a symbolic link. If so, use --follow-symlinks with sed.
  # Otherwise, regular sed command will do.
  sed_command=('sed' '-i')
  if test -L "$config_file"; then
    sed_command+=('--follow-symlinks')
  fi

  # Test that the cce arg is not empty or does not equal @CCENUM@.
  # If @CCENUM@ exists, it means that there is no CCE assigned.
  if [ -n "$cce" ] && [ "$cce" != '@CCENUM@' ]; then
    cce="CCE-${cce}"
  else
    cce="CCE"
  fi

  # Strip any search characters in the key arg so that the key can be replaced without
  # adding any search characters to the config file.
  stripped_key=$(sed 's/[\^=\$,;+]*//g' <<< "$key")

  # shellcheck disable=SC2059
  printf -v formatted_output "$format" "$stripped_key" "$value"

  # If the key exists, change it. Otherwise, add it to the config_file.
  # We search for the key string followed by a word boundary (matched by \>),
  # so if we search for 'setting', 'setting2' won't match.
  if grep -q $grep_case_insensitive_option "${key}\\>" "$config_file"; then
    "${sed_command[@]}" "s/${key}\\>.*/$formatted_output/g$sed_case_insensitive_option" "$config_file"
  else
    # \n is precaution for case where file ends without trailing newline
    printf '\n# Per %s: Set %s in %s\n' "$cce" "$formatted_output" "$config_file" >> "$config_file"
    printf '%s\n' "$formatted_output" >> "$config_file"
  fi
}

replace_or_append '/etc/sysconfig/selinux' '^SELINUX=' $var_selinux_state 'CCE-26969-6' '%s=%s'

fixfiles onboot
fixfiles -f relabel


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict
- name: XCCDF Value var_selinux_state # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_selinux_state: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: "Ensure SELinux State is Enforcing"
  lineinfile:
    path: /etc/sysconfig/selinux
    regexp: '^SELINUX='
    line: "SELINUX={{ var_selinux_state }}"
    create: yes
  tags:
    - selinux_state
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26969-6
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(3)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-4
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - NIST-800-53-AU-9
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000020

Rule   Enable the SELinux Context Restoration Service (restorecond)   [ref]

The restorecond service utilizes inotify to look for the creation of new files listed in the /etc/selinux/restorecond.conf configuration file. When a file is created, restorecond ensures the file receives the proper SELinux security context. The restorecond service can be enabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 restorecond on

Rationale:

The restorecond service helps ensure that the default SELinux file context is applied to files. This allows automatic correction of file contexts created by some programs.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_restorecond_enabled
Identifiers and References

References:  AC-3, AC-3(3), AC-4, AC-6, AU-9



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command enable restorecond


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
- name: Enable service restorecond
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="yes"
    state="started"
  with_items:
    - restorecond
  tags:
    - service_restorecond_enabled
    - unknown_severity
    - enable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26991-0
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(3)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-4
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - NIST-800-53-AU-9
Group   Account and Access Control   Group contains 16 groups and 30 rules

[ref]   In traditional Unix security, if an attacker gains shell access to a certain login account, they can perform any action or access any file to which that account has access. Therefore, making it more difficult for unauthorized people to gain shell access to accounts, particularly to privileged accounts, is a necessary part of securing a system. This section introduces mechanisms for restricting access to accounts under Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.

Group   Protect Accounts by Restricting Password-Based Login   Group contains 4 groups and 12 rules

[ref]   Conventionally, Unix shell accounts are accessed by providing a username and password to a login program, which tests these values for correctness using the /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files. Password-based login is vulnerable to guessing of weak passwords, and to sniffing and man-in-the-middle attacks against passwords entered over a network or at an insecure console. Therefore, mechanisms for accessing accounts by entering usernames and passwords should be restricted to those which are operationally necessary.

Group   Restrict Root Logins   Group contains 3 rules

[ref]   Direct root logins should be allowed only for emergency use. In normal situations, the administrator should access the system via a unique unprivileged account, and then use su or sudo to execute privileged commands. Discouraging administrators from accessing the root account directly ensures an audit trail in organizations with multiple administrators. Locking down the channels through which root can connect directly also reduces opportunities for password-guessing against the root account. The login program uses the file /etc/securetty to determine which interfaces should allow root logins. The virtual devices /dev/console and /dev/tty* represent the system consoles (accessible via the Ctrl-Alt-F1 through Ctrl-Alt-F6 keyboard sequences on a default installation). The default securetty file also contains /dev/vc/*. These are likely to be deprecated in most environments, but may be retained for compatibility. Root should also be prohibited from connecting via network protocols. Other sections of this document include guidance describing how to prevent root from logging in via SSH.

Rule   Restrict Serial Port Root Logins   [ref]

To restrict root logins on serial ports, ensure lines of this form do not appear in /etc/securetty:

ttyS0
ttyS1

Rationale:

Preventing direct root login to serial port interfaces helps ensure accountability for actions taken on the systems using the root account.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_restrict_serial_port_logins
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000770, AC-6(2), SRG-OS-000109, SV-50295r1_rule



sed -i '/ttyS/d' /etc/securetty


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict
- name: "Restrict Serial Port Root Logins"
  lineinfile:
    dest: /etc/securetty
    regexp: 'ttyS[0-9]'
    state: absent
  tags:
    - restrict_serial_port_logins
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27047-0
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6(2)
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000028

Rule   Verify Only Root Has UID 0   [ref]

If any account other than root has a UID of 0, this misconfiguration should be investigated and the accounts other than root should be removed or have their UID changed.

Rationale:

An account has root authority if it has a UID of 0. Multiple accounts with a UID of 0 afford more opportunity for potential intruders to guess a password for a privileged account. Proper configuration of sudo is recommended to afford multiple system administrators access to root privileges in an accountable manner.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_no_uid_except_zero
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000366, AC-6, IA-2(1), SRG-OS-999999, SV-50301r2_rule



awk -F: '$3 == 0 && $1 != "root" { print $1 }' /etc/passwd | xargs passwd -l
Group   Verify Proper Storage and Existence of Password Hashes   Group contains 3 rules

[ref]   By default, password hashes for local accounts are stored in the second field (colon-separated) in /etc/shadow. This file should be readable only by processes running with root credentials, preventing users from casually accessing others' password hashes and attempting to crack them. However, it remains possible to misconfigure the system and store password hashes in world-readable files such as /etc/passwd, or to even store passwords themselves in plaintext on the system. Using system-provided tools for password change/creation should allow administrators to avoid such misconfiguration.

Rule   Verify No netrc Files Exist   [ref]

The .netrc files contain login information used to auto-login into FTP servers and reside in the user's home directory. These files may contain unencrypted passwords to remote FTP servers making them susceptible to access by unauthorized users and should not be used. Any .netrc files should be removed.

Rationale:

Unencrypted passwords for remote FTP servers may be stored in .netrc files. DoD policy requires passwords be encrypted in storage and not used in access scripts.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_no_netrc_files
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000196, IA-5(h), AC-3, SRG-OS-000073, SV-50420r2_rule

Rule   Prevent Log In to Accounts With Empty Password   [ref]

If an account is configured for password authentication but does not have an assigned password, it may be possible to log onto the account without authentication. Remove any instances of the nullok option in /etc/pam.d/system-auth to prevent logins with empty passwords.

Rationale:

If an account has an empty password, anyone could log in and run commands with the privileges of that account. Accounts with empty passwords should never be used in operational environments.

Severity: 
high
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_no_empty_passwords
Identifiers and References

References:  IA-5(b), IA-5(c), IA-5(1)(a), Req-8.2.3, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50298r2_rule



sed --follow-symlinks -i 's/\<nullok\>//g' /etc/pam.d/system-auth
sed --follow-symlinks -i 's/\<nullok\>//g' /etc/pam.d/password-auth


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Strategy:configure
- name: "Prevent Log In to Accounts With Empty Password - system-auth"
  replace:
    dest: /etc/pam.d/system-auth
    follow: yes
    regexp: 'nullok'
  tags:
    - no_empty_passwords
    - high_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27038-9
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(b)
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(a)
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.2.3
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000030

- name: "Prevent Log In to Accounts With Empty Password - password-auth"
  replace:
    dest: /etc/pam.d/password-auth
    follow: yes
    regexp: 'nullok'
  tags:
    - no_empty_passwords
    - high_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27038-9
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(b)
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(a)
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.2.3
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000030

Rule   Verify All Account Password Hashes are Shadowed   [ref]

If any password hashes are stored in /etc/passwd (in the second field, instead of an x), the cause of this misconfiguration should be investigated. The account should have its password reset and the hash should be properly stored, or the account should be deleted entirely.

Rationale:

The hashes for all user account passwords should be stored in the file /etc/shadow and never in /etc/passwd, which is readable by all users.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_password_all_shadowed
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000201, IA-5(h), Req-8.2.1, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50300r1_rule

Group   Set Password Expiration Parameters   Group contains 4 rules

[ref]   The file /etc/login.defs controls several password-related settings. Programs such as passwd, su, and login consult /etc/login.defs to determine behavior with regard to password aging, expiration warnings, and length. See the man page login.defs(5) for more information.

Users should be forced to change their passwords, in order to decrease the utility of compromised passwords. However, the need to change passwords often should be balanced against the risk that users will reuse or write down passwords if forced to change them too often. Forcing password changes every 90-360 days, depending on the environment, is recommended. Set the appropriate value as PASS_MAX_DAYS and apply it to existing accounts with the -M flag.

The PASS_MIN_DAYS (-m) setting prevents password changes for 7 days after the first change, to discourage password cycling. If you use this setting, train users to contact an administrator for an emergency password change in case a new password becomes compromised. The PASS_WARN_AGE (-W) setting gives users 7 days of warnings at login time that their passwords are about to expire.

For example, for each existing human user USER, expiration parameters could be adjusted to a 180 day maximum password age, 7 day minimum password age, and 7 day warning period with the following command:

$ sudo chage -M 180 -m 7 -W 7 USER

Group   Set Account Expiration Parameters   Group contains 2 rules
Group   Protect Physical Console Access   Group contains 3 groups and 3 rules

[ref]   It is impossible to fully protect a system from an attacker with physical access, so securing the space in which the system is located should be considered a necessary step. However, there are some steps which, if taken, make it more difficult for an attacker to quickly or undetectably modify a system from its console.

Group   Configure Screen Locking   Group contains 1 group and 1 rule

[ref]   When a user must temporarily leave an account logged-in, screen locking should be employed to prevent passersby from abusing the account. User education and training is particularly important for screen locking to be effective, and policies can be implemented to reinforce this.

Automatic screen locking is only meant as a safeguard for those cases where a user forgot to lock the screen.

Group   Configure Console Screen Locking   Group contains 1 rule

[ref]   A console screen locking mechanism is provided in the screen package, which is not installed by default.

Rule   Install the screen Package   [ref]

To enable console screen locking, install the screen package:

$ sudo yum install screen
Instruct users to begin new terminal sessions with the following command:
$ screen
The console can now be locked with the following key combination:
ctrl+a x

Rationale:

Installing screen ensures a console locking capability is available for users who may need to suspend console logins.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_screen_installed
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000058, SRG-OS-000030, SV-50391r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
# Function to install packages on RHEL, Fedora, Debian, and possibly other systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     package_install aide
#
function package_install {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local package="$1"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "1" ]
then
  echo "Usage: package_install 'package_name'"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

if which dnf ; then
  if ! rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    dnf install -y "$package"
  fi
elif which yum ; then
  if ! rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    yum install -y "$package"
  fi
elif which apt-get ; then
  apt-get install -y "$package"
else
  echo "Failed to detect available packaging system, tried dnf, yum and apt-get!"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

}

package_install screen


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
- name: Ensure screen is installed
  package:
    name="{{item}}"
    state=present
  with_items:
    - screen
  tags:
    - package_screen_installed
    - unknown_severity
    - enable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26940-7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000071


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
include install_screen

class install_screen {
  package { 'screen':
    ensure => 'installed',
  }
}


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable

package --add=screen
Group   Set Boot Loader Password   Group contains 1 rule

[ref]   During the boot process, the boot loader is responsible for starting the execution of the kernel and passing options to it. The boot loader allows for the selection of different kernels - possibly on different partitions or media. The default Red Hat Enterprise Linux boot loader for x86 systems is called GRUB. Options it can pass to the kernel include single-user mode, which provides root access without any authentication, and the ability to disable SELinux. To prevent local users from modifying the boot parameters and endangering security, protect the boot loader configuration with a password and ensure its configuration file's permissions are set properly.

Rule   Set Boot Loader Password   [ref]

The grub boot loader should have password protection enabled to protect boot-time settings. To do so, select a password and then generate a hash from it by running the following command:

$ grub-crypt --sha-512
When prompted to enter a password, insert the following line into /etc/grub.conf immediately after the header comments. (Use the output from grub-crypt as the value of password-hash):
password --encrypted password-hash
NOTE: To meet FISMA Moderate, the bootloader password MUST differ from the root password.

Rationale:

Password protection on the boot loader configuration ensures users with physical access cannot trivially alter important bootloader settings. These include which kernel to use, and whether to enter single-user mode.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_bootloader_password
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000213, IA-2(1), IA-5(e) AC-3, SRG-OS-000080, SV-50386r4_rule

Rule   Require Authentication for Single User Mode   [ref]

Single-user mode is intended as a system recovery method, providing a single user root access to the system by providing a boot option at startup. By default, no authentication is performed if single-user mode is selected.

To require entry of the root password even if the system is started in single-user mode, add or correct the following line in the file /etc/sysconfig/init:

SINGLE=/sbin/sulogin

Rationale:

This prevents attackers with physical access from trivially bypassing security on the machine and gaining root access. Such accesses are further prevented by configuring the bootloader password.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_require_singleuser_auth
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000213, IA-2(1), AC-3, SRG-OS-000080, SV-50387r1_rule



grep -q ^SINGLE /etc/sysconfig/init && \
  sed -i "s/SINGLE.*/SINGLE=\/sbin\/sulogin/g" /etc/sysconfig/init
if ! [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "SINGLE=/sbin/sulogin" >> /etc/sysconfig/init
fi
Group   Secure Session Configuration Files for Login Accounts   Group contains 1 rule

[ref]   When a user logs into a Unix account, the system configures the user's session by reading a number of files. Many of these files are located in the user's home directory, and may have weak permissions as a result of user error or misconfiguration. If an attacker can modify or even read certain types of account configuration information, they can often gain full access to the affected user's account. Therefore, it is important to test and correct configuration file permissions for interactive accounts, particularly those of privileged users such as root or system administrators.

Group   Warning Banners for System Accesses   Group contains 1 rule

[ref]   Each system should expose as little information about itself as possible.

System banners, which are typically displayed just before a login prompt, give out information about the service or the host's operating system. This might include the distribution name and the system kernel version, and the particular version of a network service. This information can assist intruders in gaining access to the system as it can reveal whether the system is running vulnerable software. Most network services can be configured to limit what information is displayed.

Many organizations implement security policies that require a system banner provide notice of the system's ownership, provide warning to unauthorized users, and remind authorized users of their consent to monitoring.

Rule   Modify the System Login Banner   [ref]

To configure the system login banner:

Edit /etc/issue. Replace the default text with a message compliant with the local site policy or a legal disclaimer. The DoD required text is either:

You are accessing a U.S. Government (USG) Information System (IS) that is provided for USG-authorized use only. By using this IS (which includes any device attached to this IS), you consent to the following conditions:
-The USG routinely intercepts and monitors communications on this IS for purposes including, but not limited to, penetration testing, COMSEC monitoring, network operations and defense, personnel misconduct (PM), law enforcement (LE), and counterintelligence (CI) investigations.
-At any time, the USG may inspect and seize data stored on this IS.
-Communications using, or data stored on, this IS are not private, are subject to routine monitoring, interception, and search, and may be disclosed or used for any USG-authorized purpose.
-This IS includes security measures (e.g., authentication and access controls) to protect USG interests -- not for your personal benefit or privacy.
-Notwithstanding the above, using this IS does not constitute consent to PM, LE or CI investigative searching or monitoring of the content of privileged communications, or work product, related to personal representation or services by attorneys, psychotherapists, or clergy, and their assistants. Such communications and work product are private and confidential. See User Agreement for details.


OR:

Use of this or any other DoD interest computer system constitutes consent to monitoring at all times.
This is a DoD interest computer system. All DoD interest computer systems and related equipment are intended for the communication, transmission, processing, and storage of official U.S. Government or other authorized information only. All DoD interest computer systems are subject to monitoring at all times to ensure proper functioning of equipment and systems including security devices and systems, to prevent unauthorized use and violations of statutes and security regulations, to deter criminal activity, and for other similar purposes. Any user of a DoD interest computer system should be aware that any information placed in the system is subject to monitoring and is not subject to any expectation of privacy.
If monitoring of this or any other DoD interest computer system reveals possible evidence of violation of criminal statutes, this evidence and any other related information, including identification information about the user, may be provided to law enforcement officials. If monitoring of this or any other DoD interest computer systems reveals violations of security regulations or unauthorized use, employees who violate security regulations or make unauthorized use of DoD interest computer systems are subject to appropriate disciplinary action.
Use of this or any other DoD interest computer system constitutes consent to monitoring at all times.


OR:

I've read & consent to terms in IS user agreem't.

Rationale:

An appropriate warning message reinforces policy awareness during the login process and facilitates possible legal action against attackers.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_banner_etc_issue
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000048, CCI-001384, CCI-001385, CCI-001386, CCI-001387, CCI-001388, AC-8(a), AC-8(b), AC-8(c), SRG-OS-000228, SV-50394r3_rule




login_banner_text="--[\s\n]+WARNING[\s\n]+--[\s\n]*This[\s\n]+system[\s\n]+is[\s\n]+for[\s\n]+the[\s\n]+use[\s\n]+of[\s\n]+authorized[\s\n]+users[\s\n]+only.[\s\n]+Individuals[\s\n]*using[\s\n]+this[\s\n]+computer[\s\n]+system[\s\n]+without[\s\n]+authority[\s\n]+or[\s\n]+in[\s\n]+excess[\s\n]+of[\s\n]+their[\s\n]*authority[\s\n]+are[\s\n]+subject[\s\n]+to[\s\n]+having[\s\n]+all[\s\n]+their[\s\n]+activities[\s\n]+on[\s\n]+this[\s\n]+system[\s\n]*monitored[\s\n]+and[\s\n]+recorded[\s\n]+by[\s\n]+system[\s\n]+personnel.[\s\n]+Anyone[\s\n]+using[\s\n]+this[\s\n]*system[\s\n]+expressly[\s\n]+consents[\s\n]+to[\s\n]+such[\s\n]+monitoring[\s\n]+and[\s\n]+is[\s\n]+advised[\s\n]+that[\s\n]*if[\s\n]+such[\s\n]+monitoring[\s\n]+reveals[\s\n]+possible[\s\n]+evidence[\s\n]+of[\s\n]+criminal[\s\n]+activity[\s\n]*system[\s\n]+personnel[\s\n]+may[\s\n]+provide[\s\n]+the[\s\n]+evidence[\s\n]+of[\s\n]+such[\s\n]+monitoring[\s\n]+to[\s\n]+law[\s\n]*enforcement[\s\n]+officials."

# There was a regular-expression matching various banners, needs to be expanded
expanded=$(echo "$login_banner_text" | sed 's/\[\\s\\n\][+*]/ /g;s/\\//g;s/[^-]- /\n\n-/g')
formatted=$(echo "$expanded" | fold -sw 80)

cat <<EOF >/etc/issue
$formatted
EOF

printf "\n" >> /etc/issue
Group   Protect Accounts by Configuring PAM   Group contains 4 groups and 13 rules

[ref]   PAM, or Pluggable Authentication Modules, is a system which implements modular authentication for Linux programs. PAM provides a flexible and configurable architecture for authentication, and it should be configured to minimize exposure to unnecessary risk. This section contains guidance on how to accomplish that.

PAM is implemented as a set of shared objects which are loaded and invoked whenever an application wishes to authenticate a user. Typically, the application must be running as root in order to take advantage of PAM, because PAM's modules often need to be able to access sensitive stores of account information, such as /etc/shadow. Traditional privileged network listeners (e.g. sshd) or SUID programs (e.g. sudo) already meet this requirement. An SUID root application, userhelper, is provided so that programs which are not SUID or privileged themselves can still take advantage of PAM.

PAM looks in the directory /etc/pam.d for application-specific configuration information. For instance, if the program login attempts to authenticate a user, then PAM's libraries follow the instructions in the file /etc/pam.d/login to determine what actions should be taken.

One very important file in /etc/pam.d is /etc/pam.d/system-auth. This file, which is included by many other PAM configuration files, defines 'default' system authentication measures. Modifying this file is a good way to make far-reaching authentication changes, for instance when implementing a centralized authentication service.

Group   Set Password Hashing Algorithm   Group contains 3 rules

[ref]   The system's default algorithm for storing password hashes in /etc/shadow is SHA-512. This can be configured in several locations.

Rule   Set Password Hashing Algorithm in /etc/login.defs   [ref]

In /etc/login.defs, add or correct the following line to ensure the system will use SHA-512 as the hashing algorithm:

ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512

Rationale:

Using a stronger hashing algorithm makes password cracking attacks more difficult.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_set_password_hashing_algorithm_logindefs
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000803, IA-5(b), IA-5(c), IA-5(1)(c), IA-7, Req-8.2.1, SRG-OS-000120, SV-50377r1_rule



if grep --silent ^ENCRYPT_METHOD /etc/login.defs ; then
	sed -i 's/^ENCRYPT_METHOD.*/ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512/g' /etc/login.defs
else
	echo "" >> /etc/login.defs
	echo "ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512" >> /etc/login.defs
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict
- name: Set Password Hashing Algorithm in /etc/login.defs
  lineinfile:
      dest: /etc/login.defs
      regexp: ^#?ENCRYPT_METHOD
      line: ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512
      state: present
  tags:
    - set_password_hashing_algorithm_logindefs
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27228-6
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(b)
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IA-7
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.2.1
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000063

Rule   Set Password Hashing Algorithm in /etc/libuser.conf   [ref]

In /etc/libuser.conf, add or correct the following line in its [defaults] section to ensure the system will use the SHA-512 algorithm for password hashing:

crypt_style = sha512

Rationale:

Using a stronger hashing algorithm makes password cracking attacks more difficult.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_set_password_hashing_algorithm_libuserconf
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000803, IA-5(b), IA-5(c), IA-5(1)(c), IA-7, Req-8.2.1, SRG-OS-000120, SV-50378r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict
- name: Set Password Hashing Algorithm in /etc/libuser.conf
  lineinfile:
    dest: /etc/libuser.conf
    insertafter: "^.default]"
    regexp: ^#?crypt_style
    line: crypt_style = sha512
    state: present
  tags:
    - set_password_hashing_algorithm_libuserconf
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27229-4
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(b)
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IA-7
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.2.1
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000064

Rule   Set Password Hashing Algorithm in /etc/pam.d/system-auth   [ref]

In /etc/pam.d/system-auth, the password section of the file controls which PAM modules execute during a password change. Set the pam_unix.so module in the password section to include the argument sha512, as shown below:

password    sufficient    pam_unix.so sha512 other arguments...
This will help ensure when local users change their passwords, hashes for the new passwords will be generated using the SHA-512 algorithm. This is the default.

Rationale:

Using a stronger hashing algorithm makes password cracking attacks more difficult.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_set_password_hashing_algorithm_systemauth
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000803, IA-5(b), IA-5(c), IA-5(1)(c), IA-7, Req-8.2.1, SRG-OS-000120, SV-50375r3_rule




AUTH_FILES[0]="/etc/pam.d/system-auth"
AUTH_FILES[1]="/etc/pam.d/password-auth"

for pamFile in "${AUTH_FILES[@]}"
do
	if ! grep -q "^password.*sufficient.*pam_unix.so.*sha512" $pamFile; then
		sed -i --follow-symlinks "/^password.*sufficient.*pam_unix.so/ s/$/ sha512/" $pamFile
	fi
done
Group   Set Lockouts for Failed Password Attempts   Group contains 4 rules

[ref]   The pam_faillock PAM module provides the capability to lock out user accounts after a number of failed login attempts. Its documentation is available in /usr/share/doc/pam-VERSION/txts/README.pam_faillock.

Rule   Set Lockout Time For Failed Password Attempts   [ref]

To configure the system to lock out accounts after a number of incorrect login attempts and require an administrator to unlock the account using pam_faillock.so, modify the content of both /etc/pam.d/system-auth and /etc/pam.d/password-auth as follows:

  • Add the following line immediately before the pam_unix.so statement in the AUTH section:
    auth required pam_faillock.so preauth silent deny=3 unlock_time=604800 fail_interval=900
  • Add the following line immediately after the pam_unix.so statement in the AUTH section:
    auth [default=die] pam_faillock.so authfail deny=3 unlock_time=604800 fail_interval=900
  • Add the following line immediately before the pam_unix.so statement in the ACCOUNT section:
    account required pam_faillock.so

Rationale:

Locking out user accounts after a number of incorrect attempts prevents direct password guessing attacks. Ensuring that an administrator is involved in unlocking locked accounts draws appropriate attention to such situations.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_unlock_time
Identifiers and References

References:  Req-8.1.7, CCI-000047, AC-7(b), SRG-OS-000022, SV-50393r4_rule




var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_unlock_time="604800"

# Invoke the function without args, so its body is substituded right here.
function set_faillock_option_to_value_in_pam_file {
	# If invoked with no arguments, exit. This is an intentional behavior.
	[ $# -gt 1 ] || return 0
	[ $# -ge 3 ] || die "$0 requires exactly zero, three, or four arguments"
	[ $# -le 4 ] || die "$0 requires exactly zero, three, or four arguments"
	local _pamFile="$1" _option="$2" _value="$3" _insert_lines_callback="$4"
	# pam_faillock.so already present?
	if grep -q "^auth.*pam_faillock.so.*" "$_pamFile"; then

		# pam_faillock.so present, is the option present?
		if grep -q "^auth.*[default=die].*pam_faillock.so.*authfail.*$_option=" "$_pamFile"; then

			# both pam_faillock.so & option present, just correct option to the right value
			sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/\(^auth.*required.*pam_faillock.so.*preauth.*silent.*\)\($_option *= *\).*/\1\2$_value/" "$_pamFile"
			sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/\(^auth.*[default=die].*pam_faillock.so.*authfail.*\)\($_option *= *\).*/\1\2$_value/" "$_pamFile"

		# pam_faillock.so present, but the option not yet
		else

			# append correct option value to appropriate places
			sed -i --follow-symlinks "/^auth.*required.*pam_faillock.so.*preauth.*silent.*/ s/$/ $_option=$_value/" "$_pamFile"
			sed -i --follow-symlinks "/^auth.*[default=die].*pam_faillock.so.*authfail.*/ s/$/ $_option=$_value/" "$_pamFile"
		fi

	# pam_faillock.so not present yet
	else
		test -z "$_insert_lines_callback" || "$_insert_lines_callback" "$_option" "$_value" "$_pamFile"
		# insert pam_faillock.so preauth & authfail rows with proper value of the option in question
	fi
}

set_faillock_option_to_value_in_pam_file

AUTH_FILES[0]="/etc/pam.d/system-auth"
AUTH_FILES[1]="/etc/pam.d/password-auth"


function insert_lines_if_pam_faillock_so_not_present {
	local _option="$1" _value="$2" _pamFile="$3"
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "/^auth.*sufficient.*pam_unix.so.*/i auth        required      pam_faillock.so preauth silent $_option=$_value" "$_pamFile"
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "/^auth.*sufficient.*pam_unix.so.*/a auth        [default=die] pam_faillock.so authfail $_option=$_value" "$_pamFile"
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "/^account.*required.*pam_unix.so/i account     required      pam_faillock.so" "$_pamFile"
}


for pamFile in "${AUTH_FILES[@]}"
do
	# 'true &&' has to be there due to build system limitation
	true && set_faillock_option_to_value_in_pam_file "$pamFile" unlock_time "$var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_unlock_time" insert_lines_if_pam_faillock_so_not_present
done

Rule   Limit Password Reuse   [ref]

Do not allow users to reuse recent passwords. This can be accomplished by using the remember option for the pam_unix or pam_pwhistory PAM modules. In the file /etc/pam.d/system-auth, append remember=24 to the line which refers to the pam_unix.so or pam_pwhistory.somodule, as shown below:

  • for the pam_unix.so case:
    password sufficient pam_unix.so existing_options remember=24
  • for the pam_pwhistory.so case:
    password requisite pam_pwhistory.so existing_options remember=24
The DoD STIG requirement is 5 passwords.

Rationale:

Preventing re-use of previous passwords helps ensure that a compromised password is not re-used by a user.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_password_pam_unix_remember
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000200, IA-5(f), IA-5(1)(e), Req-8.2.5, SRG-OS-000077, SV-50459r5_rule




var_password_pam_unix_remember="24"

AUTH_FILES[0]="/etc/pam.d/system-auth"
AUTH_FILES[1]="/etc/pam.d/password-auth"

for pamFile in "${AUTH_FILES[@]}"
do
	if grep -q "remember=" $pamFile; then
		sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/\(^password.*sufficient.*pam_unix.so.*\)\(\(remember *= *\)[^ $]*\)/\1remember=$var_password_pam_unix_remember/" $pamFile
	else
		sed -i --follow-symlinks "/^password[[:space:]]\+sufficient[[:space:]]\+pam_unix.so/ s/$/ remember=$var_password_pam_unix_remember/" $pamFile
	fi
done


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Strategy:configure
- name: XCCDF Value var_password_pam_unix_remember # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_password_pam_unix_remember: 24
  tags:
    - always

- name: "Do not allow users to reuse recent passwords - system-auth (change)"
  replace:
    dest: /etc/pam.d/system-auth
    follow: yes
    regexp: '^(password\s+sufficient\s+pam_unix\.so\s.*remember\s*=\s*)(\S+)(.*)$'
    replace: '\g<1>{{ var_password_pam_unix_remember }}\g<3>'
  tags:
    - accounts_password_pam_unix_remember
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26741-9
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(f)
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(e)
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.2.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000274

- name: "Do not allow users to reuse recent passwords - system-auth (add)"
  replace:
    dest: /etc/pam.d/system-auth
    follow: yes
    regexp: '^password\s+sufficient\s+pam_unix\.so\s(?!.*remember\s*=\s*).*$'
    replace: '\g<0> remember={{ var_password_pam_unix_remember }}'
  tags:
    - accounts_password_pam_unix_remember
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26741-9
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(f)
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(1)(e)
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.2.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000274

Rule   Set Interval For Counting Failed Password Attempts   [ref]

Utilizing pam_faillock.so, the fail_interval directive configures the system to lock out accounts after a number of incorrect login attempts. Modify the content of both /etc/pam.d/system-auth and /etc/pam.d/password-auth as follows:

  • Add the following line immediately before the pam_unix.so statement in the AUTH section:
    auth required pam_faillock.so preauth silent deny=3 unlock_time=604800 fail_interval=900
  • Add the following line immediately after the pam_unix.so statement in the AUTH section:
    auth [default=die] pam_faillock.so authfail deny=3 unlock_time=604800 fail_interval=900
  • Add the following line immediately before the pam_unix.so statement in the ACCOUNT section:
    account required pam_faillock.so

Rationale:

Locking out user accounts after a number of incorrect attempts within a specific period of time prevents direct password guessing attacks.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_interval
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001452, AC-7(a), SRG-OS-000249, SV-50302r4_rule




var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_fail_interval="900"

# Invoke the function without args, so its body is substituded right here.
function set_faillock_option_to_value_in_pam_file {
	# If invoked with no arguments, exit. This is an intentional behavior.
	[ $# -gt 1 ] || return 0
	[ $# -ge 3 ] || die "$0 requires exactly zero, three, or four arguments"
	[ $# -le 4 ] || die "$0 requires exactly zero, three, or four arguments"
	local _pamFile="$1" _option="$2" _value="$3" _insert_lines_callback="$4"
	# pam_faillock.so already present?
	if grep -q "^auth.*pam_faillock.so.*" "$_pamFile"; then

		# pam_faillock.so present, is the option present?
		if grep -q "^auth.*[default=die].*pam_faillock.so.*authfail.*$_option=" "$_pamFile"; then

			# both pam_faillock.so & option present, just correct option to the right value
			sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/\(^auth.*required.*pam_faillock.so.*preauth.*silent.*\)\($_option *= *\).*/\1\2$_value/" "$_pamFile"
			sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/\(^auth.*[default=die].*pam_faillock.so.*authfail.*\)\($_option *= *\).*/\1\2$_value/" "$_pamFile"

		# pam_faillock.so present, but the option not yet
		else

			# append correct option value to appropriate places
			sed -i --follow-symlinks "/^auth.*required.*pam_faillock.so.*preauth.*silent.*/ s/$/ $_option=$_value/" "$_pamFile"
			sed -i --follow-symlinks "/^auth.*[default=die].*pam_faillock.so.*authfail.*/ s/$/ $_option=$_value/" "$_pamFile"
		fi

	# pam_faillock.so not present yet
	else
		test -z "$_insert_lines_callback" || "$_insert_lines_callback" "$_option" "$_value" "$_pamFile"
		# insert pam_faillock.so preauth & authfail rows with proper value of the option in question
	fi
}

set_faillock_option_to_value_in_pam_file

AUTH_FILES[0]="/etc/pam.d/system-auth"
AUTH_FILES[1]="/etc/pam.d/password-auth"


function insert_lines_if_pam_faillock_so_not_present {
	local _option="$1" _value="$2" _pamFile="$3"
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "/^auth.*sufficient.*pam_unix.so.*/i auth        required      pam_faillock.so preauth silent $_option=$_value" "$_pamFile"
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "/^auth.*sufficient.*pam_unix.so.*/a auth        [default=die] pam_faillock.so authfail $_option=$_value" "$_pamFile"
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "/^account.*required.*pam_unix.so/i account     required      pam_faillock.so" "$_pamFile"
}


for pamFile in "${AUTH_FILES[@]}"
do
	# 'true &&' has to be there due to build system limitation
	true && set_faillock_option_to_value_in_pam_file "$pamFile" fail_interval "$var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_fail_interval" insert_lines_if_pam_faillock_so_not_present
done

Rule   Set Deny For Failed Password Attempts   [ref]

To configure the system to lock out accounts after a number of incorrect login attempts using pam_faillock.so, modify the content of both /etc/pam.d/system-auth and /etc/pam.d/password-auth as follows:

  • Add the following line immediately before the pam_unix.so statement in the AUTH section:
    auth required pam_faillock.so preauth silent deny=3 unlock_time=604800 fail_interval=900
  • Add the following line immediately after the pam_unix.so statement in the AUTH section:
    auth [default=die] pam_faillock.so authfail deny=3 unlock_time=604800 fail_interval=900
  • Add the following line immediately before the pam_unix.so statement in the ACCOUNT section:
    account required pam_faillock.so

Rationale:

Locking out user accounts after a number of incorrect attempts prevents direct password guessing attacks.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_deny
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000044, AC-7(a), Req-8.1.6, SRG-OS-000021, SV-50374r4_rule




var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_deny="3"

AUTH_FILES[0]="/etc/pam.d/system-auth"
AUTH_FILES[1]="/etc/pam.d/password-auth"

# This script fixes absence of pam_faillock.so in PAM stack or the
# absense of deny=[0-9]+ in pam_faillock.so arguments
# When inserting auth pam_faillock.so entries,
# the entry with preauth argument will be added before pam_unix.so module
# and entry with authfail argument will be added before pam_deny.so module.

# The placement of pam_faillock.so entries will not be changed
# if they are already present


# Invoke the function without args, so its body is substituded right here.
function set_faillock_option_to_value_in_pam_file {
	# If invoked with no arguments, exit. This is an intentional behavior.
	[ $# -gt 1 ] || return 0
	[ $# -ge 3 ] || die "$0 requires exactly zero, three, or four arguments"
	[ $# -le 4 ] || die "$0 requires exactly zero, three, or four arguments"
	local _pamFile="$1" _option="$2" _value="$3" _insert_lines_callback="$4"
	# pam_faillock.so already present?
	if grep -q "^auth.*pam_faillock.so.*" "$_pamFile"; then

		# pam_faillock.so present, is the option present?
		if grep -q "^auth.*[default=die].*pam_faillock.so.*authfail.*$_option=" "$_pamFile"; then

			# both pam_faillock.so & option present, just correct option to the right value
			sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/\(^auth.*required.*pam_faillock.so.*preauth.*silent.*\)\($_option *= *\).*/\1\2$_value/" "$_pamFile"
			sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/\(^auth.*[default=die].*pam_faillock.so.*authfail.*\)\($_option *= *\).*/\1\2$_value/" "$_pamFile"

		# pam_faillock.so present, but the option not yet
		else

			# append correct option value to appropriate places
			sed -i --follow-symlinks "/^auth.*required.*pam_faillock.so.*preauth.*silent.*/ s/$/ $_option=$_value/" "$_pamFile"
			sed -i --follow-symlinks "/^auth.*[default=die].*pam_faillock.so.*authfail.*/ s/$/ $_option=$_value/" "$_pamFile"
		fi

	# pam_faillock.so not present yet
	else
		test -z "$_insert_lines_callback" || "$_insert_lines_callback" "$_option" "$_value" "$_pamFile"
		# insert pam_faillock.so preauth & authfail rows with proper value of the option in question
	fi
}

set_faillock_option_to_value_in_pam_file


function insert_lines_if_pam_faillock_so_not_present {
	# insert pam_faillock.so preauth row with proper value of the 'deny' option before pam_unix.so
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "/^auth.*pam_unix.so.*/i auth        required      pam_faillock.so preauth silent $_option=$_value" $_pamFile
	# insert pam_faillock.so authfail row with proper value of the 'deny' option before pam_deny.so, after all modules which determine authentication outcome.
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "/^auth.*pam_deny.so.*/i auth        [default=die] pam_faillock.so authfail $_option=$_value" $_pamFile
}



for pamFile in "${AUTH_FILES[@]}"
do
	# 'true &&' has to be there due to build system limitation
	true && set_faillock_option_to_value_in_pam_file "$pamFile" deny "$var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_deny" insert_lines_if_pam_faillock_so_not_present

	# add pam_faillock.so into account phase
	if ! grep -q "^account.*required.*pam_faillock.so" $pamFile; then
		sed -i --follow-symlinks "/^account.*required.*pam_unix.so/i account     required      pam_faillock.so" $pamFile
	fi
done


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict
- name: XCCDF Value var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_deny # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_deny: 3
  tags:
    - always
- name: XCCDF Value var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_unlock_time # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_unlock_time: 604800
  tags:
    - always
- name: XCCDF Value var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_fail_interval # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_fail_interval: 900
  tags:
    - always

- name: set auth pam_faillock before pam_unix.so
  pamd:
    name: system-auth
    type: auth
    control: sufficient
    module_path: pam_unix.so
    new_type: auth
    new_control: required
    new_module_path: pam_faillock.so
    module_arguments: 'preauth
        silent
        deny={{ var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_deny }}
        unlock_time={{ var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_unlock_time }}
        fail_interval={{ var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_fail_interval }}'
    state: before
  tags:
    - accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_deny
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26844-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-7(a)
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.1.6
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000061

- name: set auth pam_faillock after pam_unix.so
  pamd:
    name: system-auth
    type: auth
    control: sufficient
    module_path: pam_unix.so
    new_type: auth
    new_control: '[default=die]'
    new_module_path: pam_faillock.so
    module_arguments: 'preauth
        silent
        deny={{ var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_deny }}
        unlock_time={{ var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_unlock_time }}
        fail_interval={{ var_accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_fail_interval }}'
    state: after
  tags:
    - accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_deny
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26844-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-7(a)
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.1.6
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000061

- name: set account pam_faillock before pam_unix.so
  pamd:
    name: system-auth
    type: account
    control: required
    module_path: pam_unix.so
    new_type: account
    new_control: required
    new_module_path: pam_faillock.so
    state: before
  tags:
    - accounts_passwords_pam_faillock_deny
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26844-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-7(a)
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.1.6
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000061
Group   Set Password Quality Requirements   Group contains 1 group and 6 rules

[ref]   The default pam_cracklib PAM module provides strength checking for passwords. It performs a number of checks, such as making sure passwords are not similar to dictionary words, are of at least a certain length, are not the previous password reversed, and are not simply a change of case from the previous password. It can also require passwords to be in certain character classes.

The man page pam_cracklib(8) provides information on the capabilities and configuration of each.

Group   Set Password Quality Requirements, if using pam_cracklib   Group contains 6 rules

[ref]   The pam_cracklib PAM module can be configured to meet requirements for a variety of policies.

For example, to configure pam_cracklib to require at least one uppercase character, lowercase character, digit, and other (special) character, locate the following line in /etc/pam.d/system-auth:

password requisite pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3
and then alter it to read:
password required pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 maxrepeat=3 minlen=14 dcredit=-1 ucredit=-1 ocredit=-1 lcredit=-1 difok=4
If no such line exists, add one as the first line of the password section in /etc/pam.d/system-auth. The arguments can be modified to ensure compliance with your organization's security policy. Discussion of each parameter follows.

Rule   Set Password to Maximum of Three Consecutive Repeating Characters   [ref]

The pam_cracklib module's maxrepeat parameter controls requirements for consecutive repeating characters. When set to a positive number, it will reject passwords which contain more than that number of consecutive characters. Add maxrepeat=(N/A) after pam_cracklib.so to prevent a run of ((N/A) + 1) or more identical characters:

password required pam_cracklib.so maxrepeat=(N/A)

Rationale:

Passwords with excessive repeating characters may be more vulnerable to password-guessing attacks.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_password_pam_maxrepeat
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000366, IA-5(c), SRG-OS-999999, SV-50494r2_rule




var_password_pam_maxrepeat="(N/A)"

if grep -q "maxrepeat=" /etc/pam.d/system-auth; then   
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/\(maxrepeat *= *\).*/\1$var_password_pam_maxrepeat/" /etc/pam.d/system-auth
else
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "/pam_cracklib.so/ s/$/ maxrepeat=$var_password_pam_maxrepeat/" /etc/pam.d/system-auth
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict
- name: XCCDF Value var_password_pam_maxrepeat # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_password_pam_maxrepeat: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: Set Password Maximum Consecutive Repeating Characters
  lineinfile:
      create: yes
      dest: /etc/security/pwquality.conf
      regexp: '^#?\s*maxrepeat'
      line: "maxrepeat = {{ var_password_pam_maxrepeat }}"
  tags:
    - accounts_password_pam_maxrepeat
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27227-8
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(c)
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000299

Rule   Set Password Strength Minimum Different Characters   [ref]

The pam_cracklib module's difok parameter controls requirements for usage of different characters during a password change. Add difok= after pam_cracklib.so to require differing characters when changing passwords. The DoD requirement is 4.

Rationale:

Requiring a minimum number of different characters during password changes ensures that newly changed passwords should not resemble previously compromised ones. Note that passwords which are changed on compromised systems will still be compromised, however.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_password_pam_difok
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000195, IA-5(b), IA-5(c), IA-5(1)(b), SRG-OS-000072, SV-50373r2_rule




var_password_pam_difok=""

if grep -q "difok=" /etc/pam.d/system-auth; then   
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/\(difok *= *\).*/\1$var_password_pam_difok/" /etc/pam.d/system-auth
else
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "/pam_cracklib.so/ s/$/ difok=$var_password_pam_difok/" /etc/pam.d/system-auth
fi

Rule   Set Password Strength Minimum Special Characters   [ref]

The pam_cracklib module's ocredit= parameter controls requirements for usage of special (or ``other'') characters in a password. When set to a negative number, any password will be required to contain that many special characters. When set to a positive number, pam_cracklib will grant +1 additional length credit for each special character. Add ocredit=(N/A) after pam_cracklib.so to require use of a special character in passwords.

Rationale:

Requiring a minimum number of special characters makes password guessing attacks more difficult by ensuring a larger search space.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_password_pam_ocredit
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001619, IA-5(b), IA-5(c), IA-5(1)(a), SRG-OS-000266, SV-50371r1_rule




var_password_pam_ocredit="(N/A)"

if grep -q "ocredit=" /etc/pam.d/system-auth; then   
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/\(ocredit *= *\).*/\1$var_password_pam_ocredit/" /etc/pam.d/system-auth
else
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "/pam_cracklib.so/ s/$/ ocredit=$var_password_pam_ocredit/" /etc/pam.d/system-auth
fi

Rule   Set Password Strength Minimum Lowercase Characters   [ref]

The pam_cracklib module's lcredit= parameter controls requirements for usage of lowercase letters in a password. When set to a negative number, any password will be required to contain that many lowercase characters. When set to a positive number, pam_cracklib will grant +1 additional length credit for each lowercase character. Add lcredit=-1 after pam_cracklib.so to require use of a lowercase character in passwords.

Rationale:

Requiring a minimum number of lowercase characters makes password guessing attacks more difficult by ensuring a larger search space.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_password_pam_lcredit
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000193, IA-5(b), IA-5(c), IA-5(1)(a), Req-8.2.3, SRG-OS-000070, SV-50372r2_rule




var_password_pam_lcredit="(N/A)"

if grep -q "lcredit=" /etc/pam.d/system-auth; then   
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/\(lcredit *= *\).*/\1$var_password_pam_lcredit/" /etc/pam.d/system-auth
else
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "/pam_cracklib.so/ s/$/ lcredit=$var_password_pam_lcredit/" /etc/pam.d/system-auth
fi

Rule   Set Password Strength Minimum Uppercase Characters   [ref]

The pam_cracklib module's ucredit= parameter controls requirements for usage of uppercase letters in a password. When set to a negative number, any password will be required to contain that many uppercase characters. When set to a positive number, pam_cracklib will grant +1 additional length credit for each uppercase character. Add ucredit=-1 after pam_cracklib.so to require use of an upper case character in passwords.

Rationale:

Requiring a minimum number of uppercase characters makes password guessing attacks more difficult by ensuring a larger search space.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_password_pam_ucredit
Identifiers and References

References:  3.5.7, CCI-000192, IA-5(b), IA-5(c), IA-5(1)(a), Req-8.2.3, SRG-OS-000069, SV-50370r1_rule




var_password_pam_ucredit="(N/A)"

if grep -q "ucredit=" /etc/pam.d/system-auth; then   
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "s/\(ucredit *= *\).*/\1$var_password_pam_ucredit/" /etc/pam.d/system-auth
else
	sed -i --follow-symlinks "/pam_cracklib.so/ s/$/ ucredit=$var_password_pam_ucredit/" /etc/pam.d/system-auth
fi

Rule   Set Password Retry Prompts Permitted Per-Session   [ref]

To configure the number of retry prompts that are permitted per-session:

Edit the pam_cracklib.so statement in /etc/pam.d/system-auth to show retry=(N/A), or a lower value if site policy is more restrictive.

The DoD requirement is a maximum of 3 prompts per session.

Rationale:

Setting the password retry prompts that are permitted on a per-session basis to a low value requires some software, such as SSH, to re-connect. This can slow down and draw additional attention to some types of password-guessing attacks. Note that this is different from account lockout, which is provided by the pam_faillock module.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_accounts_password_pam_retry
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001092, IA-5(c)



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Strategy:configure
- name: XCCDF Value var_password_pam_retry # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_password_pam_retry: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: "Set Password Retry Prompts Permitted Per-Session - system-auth (change)"
  replace:
    dest: /etc/pam.d/system-auth
    follow: yes
    regexp: '(^.*\spam_pwquality.so\s.*retry\s*=\s*)(\S+)(.*$)'
    replace: '\g<1>{{ var_password_pam_retry }}\g<3>'
  tags:
    - accounts_password_pam_retry
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27123-9
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(c)

- name: "Set Password Retry Prompts Permitted Per-Session - system-auth (add)"
  replace:
    dest: /etc/pam.d/system-auth
    follow: yes
    regexp: '^.*\spam_pwquality.so\s(?!.*retry\s*=\s*).*$'
    replace: '\g<0> retry={{ var_password_pam_retry }}'
  tags:
    - accounts_password_pam_retry
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27123-9
    - NIST-800-53-IA-5(c)
Group   File Permissions and Masks   Group contains 7 groups and 44 rules

[ref]   Traditional Unix security relies heavily on file and directory permissions to prevent unauthorized users from reading or modifying files to which they should not have access.

Several of the commands in this section search filesystems for files or directories with certain characteristics, and are intended to be run on every local partition on a given system. When the variable PART appears in one of the commands below, it means that the command is intended to be run repeatedly, with the name of each local partition substituted for PART in turn.

The following command prints a list of all xfs partitions on the local system, which is the default filesystem for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 installations:

$ mount -t xfs | awk '{print $3}'
For any systems that use a different local filesystem type, modify this command as appropriate.

Group   Verify Permissions on Important Files and Directories   Group contains 2 groups and 21 rules

[ref]   Permissions for many files on a system must be set restrictively to ensure sensitive information is properly protected. This section discusses important permission restrictions which can be verified to ensure that no harmful discrepancies have arisen.

Group   Verify Permissions on Files with Local Account Information and Credentials   Group contains 12 rules

Rule   Verify Permissions on shadow File   [ref]

To properly set the permissions of /etc/shadow, run the command:

$ sudo chmod 0000 /etc/shadow

Rationale:

The /etc/shadow file contains the list of local system accounts and stores password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security. Failure to give ownership of this file to root provides the designated owner with access to sensitive information which could weaken the system security posture.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_etc_shadow
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000225, AC-6, Req-8.7.c, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50305r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure
chmod 0000 /etc/shadow


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure
- name: Ensure permission 0000 on /etc/shadow
  file:
    path="{{item}}"
    mode=0000
  with_items:
    - /etc/shadow
  tags:
    - file_permissions_etc_shadow
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26992-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000035

Rule   Verify Group Who Owns shadow File   [ref]

To properly set the group owner of /etc/shadow, run the command:

$ sudo chgrp root /etc/shadow 

Rationale:

The /etc/shadow file stores password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_groupowner_shadow_file
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000225, AC-6, Req-8.7.c, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50304r1_rule



chgrp root /etc/shadow

Rule   Verify User Who Owns gshadow File   [ref]

To properly set the owner of /etc/gshadow, run the command:

$ sudo chown root /etc/gshadow 

Rationale:

The /etc/gshadow file contains group password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_etc_gshadow
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000366, AC-6, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50243r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

chown root /etc/gshadow


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

- name: Find /etc/gshadow file(s)
  find:
    paths: "{{ '/etc/gshadow' | dirname }}"
    patterns: "{{ '/etc/gshadow' | basename }}"
  register: files_found
  tags:
    - file_owner_etc_gshadow
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27026-4
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000036

- name: Set user ownership to root
  file:
    path: "{{ item.path }}"
    owner: root
  with_items:
    - "{{ files_found.files }}"
  tags:
    - file_owner_etc_gshadow
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27026-4
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000036

Rule   Verify Permissions on group File   [ref]

To properly set the permissions of /etc/group, run the command:

$ sudo chmod 644 /etc/group

Rationale:

The /etc/group file contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_etc_group
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000225, AC-6, Req-8.7.c, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50261r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

chmod 0644 /etc/group


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

- name: Find /etc/group file(s)
  find:
    paths: "{{ '/etc/group' | dirname }}"
    patterns: "{{ '/etc/group' | basename }}"
  register: files_found
  tags:
    - file_permissions_etc_group
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26954-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000044

- name: Set permissions
  file:
    path: "{{ item.path }}"
    mode: 0644
  with_items:
    - "{{ files_found.files }}"
  tags:
    - file_permissions_etc_group
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26954-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000044

Rule   Verify Group Who Owns passwd File   [ref]

To properly set the group owner of /etc/passwd, run the command:

$ sudo chgrp root /etc/passwd 

Rationale:

The /etc/passwd file contains information about the users that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is critical for system security.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_etc_passwd
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000225, AC-6, Req-8.7.c, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50251r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

chgrp root /etc/passwd


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

- name: Find /etc/passwd file(s)
  find:
    paths: "{{ '/etc/passwd' | dirname }}"
    patterns: "{{ '/etc/passwd' | basename }}"
  register: files_found
  tags:
    - file_groupowner_etc_passwd
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26856-5
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000040

- name: Set group ownership to root
  file:
    path: "{{ item.path }}"
    group: root
  with_items:
    - "{{ files_found.files }}"
  tags:
    - file_groupowner_etc_passwd
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26856-5
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000040

Rule   Verify Group Who Owns gshadow File   [ref]

To properly set the group owner of /etc/gshadow, run the command:

$ sudo chgrp root /etc/gshadow 

Rationale:

The /etc/gshadow file contains group password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_etc_gshadow
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000225, AC-6, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50248r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

chgrp root /etc/gshadow


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

- name: Find /etc/gshadow file(s)
  find:
    paths: "{{ '/etc/gshadow' | dirname }}"
    patterns: "{{ '/etc/gshadow' | basename }}"
  register: files_found
  tags:
    - file_groupowner_etc_gshadow
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26975-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000037

- name: Set group ownership to root
  file:
    path: "{{ item.path }}"
    group: root
  with_items:
    - "{{ files_found.files }}"
  tags:
    - file_groupowner_etc_gshadow
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26975-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000037

Rule   Verify User Who Owns passwd File   [ref]

To properly set the owner of /etc/passwd, run the command:

$ sudo chown root /etc/passwd 

Rationale:

The /etc/passwd file contains information about the users that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is critical for system security.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_etc_passwd
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000225, AC-6, Req-8.7.c, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50250r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

chown root /etc/passwd


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

- name: Find /etc/passwd file(s)
  find:
    paths: "{{ '/etc/passwd' | dirname }}"
    patterns: "{{ '/etc/passwd' | basename }}"
  register: files_found
  tags:
    - file_owner_etc_passwd
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26953-0
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000039

- name: Set user ownership to root
  file:
    path: "{{ item.path }}"
    owner: root
  with_items:
    - "{{ files_found.files }}"
  tags:
    - file_owner_etc_passwd
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26953-0
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000039

Rule   Verify User Who Owns group File   [ref]

To properly set the owner of /etc/group, run the command:

$ sudo chown root /etc/group 

Rationale:

The /etc/group file contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_owner_etc_group
Identifiers and References

References:  AC-6, Req-8.7.c, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50258r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

chown root /etc/group


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

- name: Find /etc/group file(s)
  find:
    paths: "{{ '/etc/group' | dirname }}"
    patterns: "{{ '/etc/group' | basename }}"
  register: files_found
  tags:
    - file_owner_etc_group
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26822-7
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000042

- name: Set user ownership to root
  file:
    path: "{{ item.path }}"
    owner: root
  with_items:
    - "{{ files_found.files }}"
  tags:
    - file_owner_etc_group
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26822-7
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000042

Rule   Verify Group Who Owns group File   [ref]

To properly set the group owner of /etc/group, run the command:

$ sudo chgrp root /etc/group 

Rationale:

The /etc/group file contains information regarding groups that are configured on the system. Protection of this file is important for system security.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_groupowner_etc_group
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000225, AC-6, Req-8.7.c, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50259r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

chgrp root /etc/group


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

- name: Find /etc/group file(s)
  find:
    paths: "{{ '/etc/group' | dirname }}"
    patterns: "{{ '/etc/group' | basename }}"
  register: files_found
  tags:
    - file_groupowner_etc_group
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26930-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000043

- name: Set group ownership to root
  file:
    path: "{{ item.path }}"
    group: root
  with_items:
    - "{{ files_found.files }}"
  tags:
    - file_groupowner_etc_group
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26930-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000043

Rule   Verify Permissions on gshadow File   [ref]

To properly set the permissions of /etc/gshadow, run the command:

$ sudo chmod 0000 /etc/gshadow

Rationale:

The /etc/gshadow file contains group password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_etc_gshadow
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000225, AC-6, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50249r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

chmod 0000 /etc/gshadow


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

- name: Find /etc/gshadow file(s)
  find:
    paths: "{{ '/etc/gshadow' | dirname }}"
    patterns: "{{ '/etc/gshadow' | basename }}"
  register: files_found
  tags:
    - file_permissions_etc_gshadow
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26951-4
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000038

- name: Set permissions
  file:
    path: "{{ item.path }}"
    mode: 0000
  with_items:
    - "{{ files_found.files }}"
  tags:
    - file_permissions_etc_gshadow
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26951-4
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000038

Rule   Verify User Who Owns shadow File   [ref]

To properly set the owner of /etc/shadow, run the command:

$ sudo chown root /etc/shadow 

Rationale:

The /etc/shadow file contains the list of local system accounts and stores password hashes. Protection of this file is critical for system security. Failure to give ownership of this file to root provides the designated owner with access to sensitive information which could weaken the system security posture.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_userowner_shadow_file
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000225, AC-6, Req-8.7.c, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50303r1_rule



chown root /etc/shadow

Rule   Verify Permissions on passwd File   [ref]

To properly set the permissions of /etc/passwd, run the command:

$ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/passwd

Rationale:

If the /etc/passwd file is writable by a group-owner or the world the risk of its compromise is increased. The file contains the list of accounts on the system and associated information, and protection of this file is critical for system security.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_etc_passwd
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000225, AC-6, Req-8.7.c, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50257r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

chmod 0644 /etc/passwd


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:configure

- name: Find /etc/passwd file(s)
  find:
    paths: "{{ '/etc/passwd' | dirname }}"
    patterns: "{{ '/etc/passwd' | basename }}"
  register: files_found
  tags:
    - file_permissions_etc_passwd
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26868-0
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000041

- name: Set permissions
  file:
    path: "{{ item.path }}"
    mode: 0644
  with_items:
    - "{{ files_found.files }}"
  tags:
    - file_permissions_etc_passwd
    - medium_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26868-0
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - PCI-DSS-Req-8.7.c
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000041
Group   Verify File Permissions Within Some Important Directories   Group contains 4 rules

[ref]   Some directories contain files whose confidentiality or integrity is notably important and may also be susceptible to misconfiguration over time, particularly if unpackaged software is installed. As such, an argument exists to verify that files' permissions within these directories remain configured correctly and restrictively.

Rule   Verify that Shared Library Files Have Root Ownership   [ref]

System-wide shared library files, which are linked to executables during process load time or run time, are stored in the following directories by default:

/lib
/lib64
/usr/lib
/usr/lib64
Kernel modules, which can be added to the kernel during runtime, are also stored in /lib/modules. All files in these directories should be owned by the root user. If the directory, or any file in these directories, is found to be owned by a user other than root correct its ownership with the following command:
$ sudo chown root FILE

Rationale:

Files from shared library directories are loaded into the address space of processes (including privileged ones) or of the kernel itself at runtime. Proper ownership is necessary to protect the integrity of the system.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_ownership_library_dirs
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001499, AC-6, SRG-OS-000259, SV-50266r4_rule



for LIBDIR in /usr/lib /usr/lib64 /lib /lib64
do
  if [ -d $LIBDIR ]
  then
    find -L $LIBDIR \! -user root -exec chown root {} \; 
  fi
done


Complexity:medium
Disruption:medium
Strategy:restrict
- name: "Read list libraries without root ownership"
  shell: "find -L /usr/lib /usr/lib64 /lib /lib64 \\! -user root"
  register: libraries_not_owned_by_root
  changed_when: False
  failed_when: False
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - file_ownership_library_dirs
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - medium_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27424-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000046

- name: "Set ownership of system libraries to root"
  file:
    path: "{{item}}"
    owner: "root"
  with_items: "{{ libraries_not_owned_by_root.stdout_lines }}"
  when: libraries_not_owned_by_root | length > 0
  tags:
    - file_ownership_library_dirs
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - medium_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27424-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000046

Rule   Verify that System Executables Have Restrictive Permissions   [ref]

System executables are stored in the following directories by default:

/bin
/sbin
/usr/bin
/usr/libexec
/usr/local/bin
/usr/local/sbin
/usr/sbin
All files in these directories should not be group-writable or world-writable. If any file FILE in these directories is found to be group-writable or world-writable, correct its permission with the following command:
$ sudo chmod go-w FILE

Rationale:

System binaries are executed by privileged users, as well as system services, and restrictive permissions are necessary to ensure execution of these programs cannot be co-opted.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_binary_dirs
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001499, AC-6, SRG-OS-000259, SV-50269r3_rule



DIRS="/bin /usr/bin /usr/local/bin /sbin /usr/sbin /usr/local/sbin /usr/libexec"
for dirPath in $DIRS; do
	find "$dirPath" -perm /022 -exec chmod go-w '{}' \;
done


Complexity:medium
Disruption:medium
Strategy:restrict
- name: "Read list of world and group writable system executables"
  shell: "find /bin /usr/bin /usr/local/bin /sbin /usr/sbin /usr/local/sbin /usr/libexec -perm /022 -type f"
  register: world_writable_library_files
  changed_when: False
  failed_when: False
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - file_permissions_binary_dirs
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - medium_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27289-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000047

- name: "Remove world/group writability of system executables"
  file:
    path: "{{item}}"
    mode: "go-w"
  with_items: "{{ world_writable_library_files.stdout_lines }}"
  when: world_writable_library_files.stdout_lines | length > 0
  tags:
    - file_permissions_binary_dirs
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - medium_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27289-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000047

Rule   Verify that System Executables Have Root Ownership   [ref]

System executables are stored in the following directories by default:

/bin
/sbin
/usr/bin
/usr/libexec
/usr/local/bin
/usr/local/sbin
/usr/sbin
All files in these directories should be owned by the root user. If any file FILE in these directories is found to be owned by a user other than root, correct its ownership with the following command:
$ sudo chown root FILE

Rationale:

System binaries are executed by privileged users as well as system services, and restrictive permissions are necessary to ensure that their execution of these programs cannot be co-opted.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_ownership_binary_dirs
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001499, AC-6, SRG-OS-000259, SV-50272r1_rule



find /bin/ \
/usr/bin/ \
/usr/local/bin/ \
/sbin/ \
/usr/sbin/ \
/usr/local/sbin/ \
/usr/libexec \
\! -user root -execdir chown root {} \;


Complexity:medium
Disruption:medium
Strategy:restrict
- name: "Read list of system executables without root ownership"
  shell: "find /bin/ /usr/bin/ /usr/local/bin/ /sbin/ /usr/sbin/ /usr/local/sbin/ /usr/libexec \\! -user root"
  register: no_root_system_executables
  changed_when: False
  failed_when: False
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - file_ownership_binary_dirs
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - medium_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27623-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000048

- name: "Set ownership to root of system executables"
  file:
    path: "{{item}}"
    owner: "root"
  with_items: "{{ no_root_system_executables.stdout_lines }}"
  when: no_root_system_executables.stdout_lines | length > 0
  tags:
    - file_ownership_binary_dirs
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - medium_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27623-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000048

Rule   Verify that Shared Library Files Have Restrictive Permissions   [ref]

System-wide shared library files, which are linked to executables during process load time or run time, are stored in the following directories by default:

/lib
/lib64
/usr/lib
/usr/lib64
Kernel modules, which can be added to the kernel during runtime, are stored in /lib/modules. All files in these directories should not be group-writable or world-writable. If any file in these directories is found to be group-writable or world-writable, correct its permission with the following command:
$ sudo chmod go-w FILE

Rationale:

Files from shared library directories are loaded into the address space of processes (including privileged ones) or of the kernel itself at runtime. Restrictive permissions are necessary to protect the integrity of the system.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_library_dirs
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001499, AC-6, SRG-OS-000259, SV-50265r3_rule



DIRS="/lib /lib64 /usr/lib /usr/lib64"
for dirPath in $DIRS; do
	find "$dirPath" -perm /022 -type f -exec chmod go-w '{}' \;
done


Complexity:high
Disruption:medium
Strategy:restrict
- name: "Read list of world and group writable files in libraries directories"
  shell: "find /lib /lib64 /usr/lib /usr/lib64 -perm /022 -type f"
  register: world_writable_library_files
  changed_when: False
  failed_when: False
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - file_permissions_library_dirs
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - high_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27381-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000045

- name: "Disable world/group writability to library files"
  file:
    path: "{{item}}"
    mode: "go-w"
  with_items: "{{ world_writable_library_files.stdout_lines }}"
  when: world_writable_library_files.stdout_lines | length > 0
  tags:
    - file_permissions_library_dirs
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - high_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27381-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000045

Rule   Ensure All Files Are Owned by a Group   [ref]

If any files are not owned by a group, then the cause of their lack of group-ownership should be investigated. Following this, the files should be deleted or assigned to an appropriate group.

Rationale:

Unowned files do not directly imply a security problem, but they are generally a sign that something is amiss. They may be caused by an intruder, by incorrect software installation or draft software removal, or by failure to remove all files belonging to a deleted account. The files should be repaired so they will not cause problems when accounts are created in the future, and the cause should be discovered and addressed.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_ungroupowned
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000224, AC-6

Rule   Ensure All World-Writable Directories Are Owned by a System Account   [ref]

All directories in local partitions which are world-writable should be owned by root or another system account. If any world-writable directories are not owned by a system account, this should be investigated. Following this, the files should be deleted or assigned to an appropriate group.

Rationale:

Allowing a user account to own a world-writable directory is undesirable because it allows the owner of that directory to remove or replace any files that may be placed in the directory by other users.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_dir_perms_world_writable_system_owned
Identifiers and References

References:  AC-6, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50500r2_rule

Rule   Ensure All Files Are Owned by a User   [ref]

If any files are not owned by a user, then the cause of their lack of ownership should be investigated. Following this, the files should be deleted or assigned to an appropriate user.

Rationale:

Unowned files do not directly imply a security problem, but they are generally a sign that something is amiss. They may be caused by an intruder, by incorrect software installation or draft software removal, or by failure to remove all files belonging to a deleted account. The files should be repaired so they will not cause problems when accounts are created in the future, and the cause should be discovered and addressed.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_no_files_unowned_by_user
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000224, AC-6

Rule   Ensure No World-Writable Files Exist   [ref]

It is generally a good idea to remove global (other) write access to a file when it is discovered. However, check with documentation for specific applications before making changes. Also, monitor for recurring world-writable files, as these may be symptoms of a misconfigured application or user account. Finally, this applies to real files and not virtual files that are a part of pseudo file systems such as sysfs or procfs.

Rationale:

Data in world-writable files can be modified by any user on the system. In almost all circumstances, files can be configured using a combination of user and group permissions to support whatever legitimate access is needed without the risk caused by world-writable files.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_unauthorized_world_writable
Identifiers and References

References:  AC-6, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50444r3_rule

Rule   Verify that All World-Writable Directories Have Sticky Bits Set   [ref]

When the so-called 'sticky bit' is set on a directory, only the owner of a given file may remove that file from the directory. Without the sticky bit, any user with write access to a directory may remove any file in the directory. Setting the sticky bit prevents users from removing each other's files. In cases where there is no reason for a directory to be world-writable, a better solution is to remove that permission rather than to set the sticky bit. However, if a directory is used by a particular application, consult that application's documentation instead of blindly changing modes.
To set the sticky bit on a world-writable directory DIR, run the following command:

$ sudo chmod +t DIR

Rationale:

Failing to set the sticky bit on public directories allows unauthorized users to delete files in the directory structure.

The only authorized public directories are those temporary directories supplied with the system, or those designed to be temporary file repositories. The setting is normally reserved for directories used by the system, by users for temporary file storage (such as /tmp), and for directories requiring global read/write access.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_dir_perms_world_writable_sticky_bits
Identifiers and References

References:  AC-6, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50498r2_rule

Group   Restrict Programs from Dangerous Execution Patterns   Group contains 1 group and 1 rule

[ref]   The recommendations in this section are designed to ensure that the system's features to protect against potentially dangerous program execution are activated. These protections are applied at the system initialization or kernel level, and defend against certain types of badly-configured or compromised programs.

Group   Daemon Umask   Group contains 1 rule

[ref]   The umask is a per-process setting which limits the default permissions for creation of new files and directories. The system includes initialization scripts which set the default umask for system daemons.

Rule   Set Daemon Umask   [ref]

The file /etc/init.d/functions includes initialization parameters for most or all daemons started at boot time. The default umask of 022 prevents creation of group- or world-writable files. To set the default umask for daemons, edit the following line, inserting 022 or 027 for umask appropriately:

umask 022
Setting the umask to too restrictive a setting can cause serious errors at runtime. Many daemons on the system already individually restrict themselves to a umask of 077 in their own init scripts.

Rationale:

The umask influences the permissions assigned to files created by a process at run time. An unnecessarily permissive umask could result in files being created with insecure permissions.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_umask_for_daemons
Identifiers and References

References:  AC-6, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50443r1_rule




var_umask_for_daemons="022"

grep -q ^umask /etc/init.d/functions && \
  sed -i "s/umask.*/umask $var_umask_for_daemons/g" /etc/init.d/functions
if ! [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "umask $var_umask_for_daemons" >> /etc/init.d/functions
fi
Group   Restrict Partition Mount Options   Group contains 11 rules

[ref]   System partitions can be mounted with certain options that limit what files on those partitions can do. These options are set in the /etc/fstab configuration file, and can be used to make certain types of malicious behavior more difficult.

Rule   Add noexec Option to /dev/shm   [ref]

The noexec mount option can be used to prevent binaries from being executed out of /dev/shm. It can be dangerous to allow the execution of binaries from world-writable temporary storage directories such as /dev/shm. Add the noexec option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of /dev/shm.

Rationale:

Allowing users to execute binaries from world-writable directories such as /dev/shm can expose the system to potential compromise.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_mount_option_dev_shm_noexec
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7, MP-2



function include_mount_options_functions {
	:
}

# $1: mount point
# $2: new mount point option
function ensure_mount_option_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point="$1" _new_opt="$2" _mount_point_match_regexp="" _previous_mount_opts=""
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$_mount_point")"

	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -c "$_new_opt" ) -eq 0 ]; then
		_previous_mount_opts=$(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | awk '{print $4}')
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*${_previous_mount_opts}\)|\1,${_new_opt}|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function get_mount_point_regexp {
		printf "[[:space:]]%s[[:space:]]" "$1"
}

# $1: mount point
function assert_mount_point_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" -q /etc/fstab \
		|| { echo "The mount point '$1' is not even in /etc/fstab, so we can't set up mount options" >&2; return 1; }
}

# $1: mount point
function remove_defaults_from_fstab_if_overriden {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -q "defaults,") -gt 0 ]
	then
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*\)defaults,|\1|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function ensure_partition_is_mounted {
	local _mount_point="$1"
	mkdir -p "$_mount_point" || return 1
	if mountpoint -q "$_mount_point"; then
		mount -o remount --target "$_mount_point"
	else
		mount --target "$_mount_point"
	fi
}

include_mount_options_functions

# test "$mount_has_to_exist" = 'yes'
test "yes" = 'yes' && assert_mount_point_in_fstab /dev/shm \
	|| { echo "Not remediating, because there is no record of /dev/shm in /etc/fstab" >&2; exit 1; }

ensure_mount_option_in_fstab "/dev/shm" "noexec"

ensure_partition_is_mounted "/dev/shm"


Complexity:low
Disruption:high
Strategy:configure
- name: get back device associated to mountpoint
  shell: mount | grep ' /dev/shm ' |cut -d ' ' -f 1
  register: device_name
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_dev_shm_noexec
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26622-1
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: get back device previous mount option
  shell: mount | grep ' /dev/shm ' | sed -re 's:.*\((.*)\):\1:'
  register: device_cur_mountoption
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_dev_shm_noexec
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26622-1
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: get back device fstype
  shell: mount | grep ' /dev/shm ' | cut -d ' ' -f 5
  register: device_fstype
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_dev_shm_noexec
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26622-1
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: Ensure permission noexec are set on /dev/shm
  mount:
    path: "/dev/shm"
    src: "{{device_name.stdout}}"
    opts: "{{device_cur_mountoption.stdout}},noexec"
    state: "mounted"
    fstype: "{{device_fstype.stdout}}"
  tags:
    - mount_option_dev_shm_noexec
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26622-1
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

Rule   Add nosuid Option to /dev/shm   [ref]

The nosuid mount option can be used to prevent execution of setuid programs in /dev/shm. The SUID and SGID permissions should not be required in these world-writable directories. Add the nosuid option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of /dev/shm.

Rationale:

The presence of SUID and SGID executables should be tightly controlled. Users should not be able to execute SUID or SGID binaries from temporary storage partitions.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_mount_option_dev_shm_nosuid
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7, MP-2



function include_mount_options_functions {
	:
}

# $1: mount point
# $2: new mount point option
function ensure_mount_option_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point="$1" _new_opt="$2" _mount_point_match_regexp="" _previous_mount_opts=""
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$_mount_point")"

	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -c "$_new_opt" ) -eq 0 ]; then
		_previous_mount_opts=$(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | awk '{print $4}')
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*${_previous_mount_opts}\)|\1,${_new_opt}|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function get_mount_point_regexp {
		printf "[[:space:]]%s[[:space:]]" "$1"
}

# $1: mount point
function assert_mount_point_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" -q /etc/fstab \
		|| { echo "The mount point '$1' is not even in /etc/fstab, so we can't set up mount options" >&2; return 1; }
}

# $1: mount point
function remove_defaults_from_fstab_if_overriden {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -q "defaults,") -gt 0 ]
	then
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*\)defaults,|\1|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function ensure_partition_is_mounted {
	local _mount_point="$1"
	mkdir -p "$_mount_point" || return 1
	if mountpoint -q "$_mount_point"; then
		mount -o remount --target "$_mount_point"
	else
		mount --target "$_mount_point"
	fi
}

include_mount_options_functions

# test "$mount_has_to_exist" = 'yes'
test "yes" = 'yes' && assert_mount_point_in_fstab /dev/shm \
	|| { echo "Not remediating, because there is no record of /dev/shm in /etc/fstab" >&2; exit 1; }

ensure_mount_option_in_fstab "/dev/shm" "nosuid"

ensure_partition_is_mounted "/dev/shm"


Complexity:low
Disruption:high
Strategy:configure
- name: get back device associated to mountpoint
  shell: mount | grep ' /dev/shm ' |cut -d ' ' -f 1
  register: device_name
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_dev_shm_nosuid
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26486-1
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: get back device previous mount option
  shell: mount | grep ' /dev/shm ' | sed -re 's:.*\((.*)\):\1:'
  register: device_cur_mountoption
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_dev_shm_nosuid
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26486-1
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: get back device fstype
  shell: mount | grep ' /dev/shm ' | cut -d ' ' -f 5
  register: device_fstype
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_dev_shm_nosuid
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26486-1
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: Ensure permission nosuid are set on /dev/shm
  mount:
    path: "/dev/shm"
    src: "{{device_name.stdout}}"
    opts: "{{device_cur_mountoption.stdout}},nosuid"
    state: "mounted"
    fstype: "{{device_fstype.stdout}}"
  tags:
    - mount_option_dev_shm_nosuid
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26486-1
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

Rule   Add nodev Option to /tmp   [ref]

The nodev mount option can be used to prevent device files from being created in /tmp. Legitimate character and block devices should not exist within temporary directories like /tmp. Add the nodev option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of /tmp.

Rationale:

The only legitimate location for device files is the /dev directory located on the root partition. The only exception to this is chroot jails.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_mount_option_tmp_nodev
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7, MP-2



function include_mount_options_functions {
	:
}

# $1: mount point
# $2: new mount point option
function ensure_mount_option_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point="$1" _new_opt="$2" _mount_point_match_regexp="" _previous_mount_opts=""
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$_mount_point")"

	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -c "$_new_opt" ) -eq 0 ]; then
		_previous_mount_opts=$(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | awk '{print $4}')
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*${_previous_mount_opts}\)|\1,${_new_opt}|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function get_mount_point_regexp {
		printf "[[:space:]]%s[[:space:]]" "$1"
}

# $1: mount point
function assert_mount_point_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" -q /etc/fstab \
		|| { echo "The mount point '$1' is not even in /etc/fstab, so we can't set up mount options" >&2; return 1; }
}

# $1: mount point
function remove_defaults_from_fstab_if_overriden {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -q "defaults,") -gt 0 ]
	then
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*\)defaults,|\1|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function ensure_partition_is_mounted {
	local _mount_point="$1"
	mkdir -p "$_mount_point" || return 1
	if mountpoint -q "$_mount_point"; then
		mount -o remount --target "$_mount_point"
	else
		mount --target "$_mount_point"
	fi
}

include_mount_options_functions

# test "$mount_has_to_exist" = 'yes'
test "yes" = 'yes' && assert_mount_point_in_fstab /tmp \
	|| { echo "Not remediating, because there is no record of /tmp in /etc/fstab" >&2; exit 1; }

ensure_mount_option_in_fstab "/tmp" "nodev"

ensure_partition_is_mounted "/tmp"


Complexity:low
Disruption:high
Strategy:configure
- name: get back device associated to mountpoint
  shell: mount | grep ' /tmp ' |cut -d ' ' -f 1
  register: device_name
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_tmp_nodev
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26499-4
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: get back device previous mount option
  shell: mount | grep ' /tmp ' | sed -re 's:.*\((.*)\):\1:'
  register: device_cur_mountoption
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_tmp_nodev
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26499-4
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: get back device fstype
  shell: mount | grep ' /tmp ' | cut -d ' ' -f 5
  register: device_fstype
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_tmp_nodev
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26499-4
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: Ensure permission nodev are set on /tmp
  mount:
    path: "/tmp"
    src: "{{device_name.stdout}}"
    opts: "{{device_cur_mountoption.stdout}},nodev"
    state: "mounted"
    fstype: "{{device_fstype.stdout}}"
  tags:
    - mount_option_tmp_nodev
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26499-4
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

Rule   Add noexec Option to /tmp   [ref]

The noexec mount option can be used to prevent binaries from being executed out of /tmp. Add the noexec option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of /tmp.

Rationale:

Allowing users to execute binaries from world-writable directories such as /tmp should never be necessary in normal operation and can expose the system to potential compromise.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_mount_option_tmp_noexec
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000381, CM-7, MP-2, SRG-OS-999999, SV-71919r1_rule



function include_mount_options_functions {
	:
}

# $1: mount point
# $2: new mount point option
function ensure_mount_option_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point="$1" _new_opt="$2" _mount_point_match_regexp="" _previous_mount_opts=""
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$_mount_point")"

	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -c "$_new_opt" ) -eq 0 ]; then
		_previous_mount_opts=$(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | awk '{print $4}')
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*${_previous_mount_opts}\)|\1,${_new_opt}|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function get_mount_point_regexp {
		printf "[[:space:]]%s[[:space:]]" "$1"
}

# $1: mount point
function assert_mount_point_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" -q /etc/fstab \
		|| { echo "The mount point '$1' is not even in /etc/fstab, so we can't set up mount options" >&2; return 1; }
}

# $1: mount point
function remove_defaults_from_fstab_if_overriden {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -q "defaults,") -gt 0 ]
	then
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*\)defaults,|\1|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function ensure_partition_is_mounted {
	local _mount_point="$1"
	mkdir -p "$_mount_point" || return 1
	if mountpoint -q "$_mount_point"; then
		mount -o remount --target "$_mount_point"
	else
		mount --target "$_mount_point"
	fi
}

include_mount_options_functions

# test "$mount_has_to_exist" = 'yes'
test "yes" = 'yes' && assert_mount_point_in_fstab /tmp \
	|| { echo "Not remediating, because there is no record of /tmp in /etc/fstab" >&2; exit 1; }

ensure_mount_option_in_fstab "/tmp" "noexec"

ensure_partition_is_mounted "/tmp"


Complexity:low
Disruption:high
Strategy:configure
- name: get back device associated to mountpoint
  shell: mount | grep ' /tmp ' |cut -d ' ' -f 1
  register: device_name
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_tmp_noexec
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26720-3
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000528

- name: get back device previous mount option
  shell: mount | grep ' /tmp ' | sed -re 's:.*\((.*)\):\1:'
  register: device_cur_mountoption
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_tmp_noexec
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26720-3
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000528

- name: get back device fstype
  shell: mount | grep ' /tmp ' | cut -d ' ' -f 5
  register: device_fstype
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_tmp_noexec
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26720-3
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000528

- name: Ensure permission noexec are set on /tmp
  mount:
    path: "/tmp"
    src: "{{device_name.stdout}}"
    opts: "{{device_cur_mountoption.stdout}},noexec"
    state: "mounted"
    fstype: "{{device_fstype.stdout}}"
  tags:
    - mount_option_tmp_noexec
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26720-3
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000528

Rule   Add nosuid Option to /tmp   [ref]

The nosuid mount option can be used to prevent execution of setuid programs in /tmp. The SUID and SGID permissions should not be required in these world-writable directories. Add the nosuid option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of /tmp.

Rationale:

The presence of SUID and SGID executables should be tightly controlled. Users should not be able to execute SUID or SGID binaries from temporary storage partitions.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_mount_option_tmp_nosuid
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7, MP-2



function include_mount_options_functions {
	:
}

# $1: mount point
# $2: new mount point option
function ensure_mount_option_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point="$1" _new_opt="$2" _mount_point_match_regexp="" _previous_mount_opts=""
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$_mount_point")"

	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -c "$_new_opt" ) -eq 0 ]; then
		_previous_mount_opts=$(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | awk '{print $4}')
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*${_previous_mount_opts}\)|\1,${_new_opt}|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function get_mount_point_regexp {
		printf "[[:space:]]%s[[:space:]]" "$1"
}

# $1: mount point
function assert_mount_point_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" -q /etc/fstab \
		|| { echo "The mount point '$1' is not even in /etc/fstab, so we can't set up mount options" >&2; return 1; }
}

# $1: mount point
function remove_defaults_from_fstab_if_overriden {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -q "defaults,") -gt 0 ]
	then
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*\)defaults,|\1|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function ensure_partition_is_mounted {
	local _mount_point="$1"
	mkdir -p "$_mount_point" || return 1
	if mountpoint -q "$_mount_point"; then
		mount -o remount --target "$_mount_point"
	else
		mount --target "$_mount_point"
	fi
}

include_mount_options_functions

# test "$mount_has_to_exist" = 'yes'
test "yes" = 'yes' && assert_mount_point_in_fstab /tmp \
	|| { echo "Not remediating, because there is no record of /tmp in /etc/fstab" >&2; exit 1; }

ensure_mount_option_in_fstab "/tmp" "nosuid"

ensure_partition_is_mounted "/tmp"


Complexity:low
Disruption:high
Strategy:configure
- name: get back device associated to mountpoint
  shell: mount | grep ' /tmp ' |cut -d ' ' -f 1
  register: device_name
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_tmp_nosuid
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26762-5
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: get back device previous mount option
  shell: mount | grep ' /tmp ' | sed -re 's:.*\((.*)\):\1:'
  register: device_cur_mountoption
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_tmp_nosuid
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26762-5
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: get back device fstype
  shell: mount | grep ' /tmp ' | cut -d ' ' -f 5
  register: device_fstype
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_tmp_nosuid
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26762-5
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: Ensure permission nosuid are set on /tmp
  mount:
    path: "/tmp"
    src: "{{device_name.stdout}}"
    opts: "{{device_cur_mountoption.stdout}},nosuid"
    state: "mounted"
    fstype: "{{device_fstype.stdout}}"
  tags:
    - mount_option_tmp_nosuid
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26762-5
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

Rule   Add nosuid Option to Removable Media Partitions   [ref]

The nosuid mount option prevents set-user-identifier (SUID) and set-group-identifier (SGID) permissions from taking effect. These permissions allow users to execute binaries with the same permissions as the owner and group of the file respectively. Users should not be allowed to introduce SUID and SGID files into the system via partitions mounted from removeable media. Add the nosuid option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of any removable media partitions.

Rationale:

The presence of SUID and SGID executables should be tightly controlled. Allowing users to introduce SUID or SGID binaries from partitions mounted off of removable media would allow them to introduce their own highly-privileged programs.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_mount_option_nosuid_removable_partitions
Identifiers and References

References:  AC-19(a), AC-19(d), AC-19(e), CM-7, MP-2




var_removable_partition="(N/A)"
function include_mount_options_functions {
	:
}

# $1: mount point
# $2: new mount point option
function ensure_mount_option_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point="$1" _new_opt="$2" _mount_point_match_regexp="" _previous_mount_opts=""
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$_mount_point")"

	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -c "$_new_opt" ) -eq 0 ]; then
		_previous_mount_opts=$(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | awk '{print $4}')
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*${_previous_mount_opts}\)|\1,${_new_opt}|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function get_mount_point_regexp {
		printf "[[:space:]]%s[[:space:]]" "$1"
}

# $1: mount point
function assert_mount_point_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" -q /etc/fstab \
		|| { echo "The mount point '$1' is not even in /etc/fstab, so we can't set up mount options" >&2; return 1; }
}

# $1: mount point
function remove_defaults_from_fstab_if_overriden {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -q "defaults,") -gt 0 ]
	then
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*\)defaults,|\1|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function ensure_partition_is_mounted {
	local _mount_point="$1"
	mkdir -p "$_mount_point" || return 1
	if mountpoint -q "$_mount_point"; then
		mount -o remount --target "$_mount_point"
	else
		mount --target "$_mount_point"
	fi
}

include_mount_options_functions

# test "$mount_has_to_exist" = 'yes'
test "no" = 'yes' && assert_mount_point_in_fstab "$var_removable_partition" \
	|| { echo "Not remediating, because there is no record of $var_removable_partition in /etc/fstab" >&2; exit 1; }

ensure_mount_option_in_fstab "$var_removable_partition" "nosuid"

ensure_partition_is_mounted "$var_removable_partition"


Complexity:low
Disruption:high
Strategy:configure
- name: XCCDF Value var_removable_partition # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_removable_partition: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: get back device associated to mountpoint
  shell: mount | grep ' {{ var_removable_partition }} ' |cut -d ' ' -f 1
  register: device_name
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_nosuid_removable_partitions
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-27056-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: get back device previous mount option
  shell: mount | grep ' {{ var_removable_partition }} ' | sed -re 's:.*\((.*)\):\1:'
  register: device_cur_mountoption
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_nosuid_removable_partitions
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-27056-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: get back device fstype
  shell: mount | grep ' {{ var_removable_partition }} ' | cut -d ' ' -f 5
  register: device_fstype
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_nosuid_removable_partitions
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-27056-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: Ensure permission nosuid are set on var_removable_partition
  mount:
    path: "{{ var_removable_partition }}"
    src: "{{device_name.stdout}}"
    opts: "{{ device_cur_mountoption.stdout }},nosuid"
    state: "mounted"
    fstype: "{{device_fstype.stdout}}"
  tags:
    - mount_option_nosuid_removable_partitions
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-27056-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

Rule   Add nodev Option to Non-Root Local Partitions   [ref]

The nodev mount option prevents files from being interpreted as character or block devices. Legitimate character and block devices should exist only in the /dev directory on the root partition or within chroot jails built for system services. Add the nodev option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of any non-root local partitions.

Rationale:

The nodev mount option prevents files from being interpreted as character or block devices. The only legitimate location for device files is the /dev directory located on the root partition. The only exception to this is chroot jails, for which it is not advised to set nodev on these filesystems.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_mount_option_nodev_nonroot_local_partitions
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7




# NOTE: Run-time reconfiguration of partitions' mount options is not possible.
# After performing this remediation be sure to also subsequently reboot the
# system as soon as possible for the remediation to take the effect!

# Shortened ID for frequently used character class
SP="[:space:]"

# Load /etc/fstab's content with LABEL= and UUID= tags expanded to real
# device names into FSTAB_REAL_DEVICES array splitting items by newline
IFS=$'\n' FSTAB_REAL_DEVICES=($(findmnt --fstab --evaluate --noheadings))

for line in ${FSTAB_REAL_DEVICES[@]}
do
    # For each line:
    # * squeeze multiple space characters into one,
    # * split line content info four columns (target, source, fstype, and
    #   mount options) by space delimiter
    IFS=$' ' read TARGET SOURCE FSTYPE MOUNT_OPTIONS <<< "$(echo $line | tr -s ' ')"

    # Filter the targets according to the following criteria:
    # * don't include record for root partition,
    # * include the target only if it has the form of '/word.*' (not to include
    #   special entries like e.g swap),
    # * include the target only if its source has the form of '/dev.*'
    #   (to process only local partitions)
    if [[ ! $TARGET =~ ^\/$ ]] 		&&	# Don't include root partition
       [[ $TARGET =~ ^\/[A-Za-z0-9_] ]] &&	# Include if target =~ '/word.*'
       [[ $SOURCE =~ ^\/dev ]]			# Include if source =~ '/dev.*'
    then

        # Check the mount options column if it doesn't contain 'nodev' keyword yet
        if ! grep -q "nodev" <<< "$MOUNT_OPTIONS"
        then
            # Check if current mount options is empty string ('') meaning
            # particular /etc/fstab row contain just 'defaults' keyword
            if [[ ${#MOUNT_OPTIONS} == "0" ]]
            then
                # If so, add 'defaults' back and append 'nodev' keyword
                MOUNT_OPTIONS="defaults,nodev"
            else
                # Otherwise append just 'nodev' keyword
                MOUNT_OPTIONS="$MOUNT_OPTIONS,nodev"
            fi

            # Escape possible slash ('/') characters in target for use as sed
            # expression below
            TARGET_ESCAPED=${TARGET//$'/'/$'\/'}
            # This target doesn't contain 'nodev' in mount options yet (and meets
            # the above filtering criteria). Therefore obtain particular /etc/fstab's
            # row into FSTAB_TARGET_ROW variable separating the mount options field with
            # hash '#' character
            FSTAB_TARGET_ROW=$(sed -n "s/\(.*$TARGET_ESCAPED[$SP]\+$FSTYPE[$SP]\+\)\([^$SP]\+\)/\1#\2#/p" /etc/fstab)
            # Split the retrieved value by the hash '#' delimiter to get the
            # row's head & tail (i.e. columns other than mount options) which won't
            # get modified
            IFS=$'#' read TARGET_HEAD TARGET_OPTS TARGET_TAIL <<< "$FSTAB_TARGET_ROW"
            # Replace old mount options for particular /etc/fstab's row (for this target
            # and fstype) with new mount options
            sed -i "s#${TARGET_HEAD}\(.*\)${TARGET_TAIL}#${TARGET_HEAD}${MOUNT_OPTIONS}${TARGET_TAIL}#" /etc/fstab

        fi
    fi
done

Rule   Add nodev Option to Removable Media Partitions   [ref]

The nodev mount option prevents files from being interpreted as character or block devices. Legitimate character and block devices should exist only in the /dev directory on the root partition or within chroot jails built for system services. Add the nodev option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of any removable media partitions.

Rationale:

The only legitimate location for device files is the /dev directory located on the root partition. An exception to this is chroot jails, and it is not advised to set nodev on partitions which contain their root filesystems.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_mount_option_nodev_removable_partitions
Identifiers and References

References:  AC-19(a), AC-19(d), AC-19(e), CM-7, MP-2




var_removable_partition="(N/A)"
function include_mount_options_functions {
	:
}

# $1: mount point
# $2: new mount point option
function ensure_mount_option_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point="$1" _new_opt="$2" _mount_point_match_regexp="" _previous_mount_opts=""
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$_mount_point")"

	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -c "$_new_opt" ) -eq 0 ]; then
		_previous_mount_opts=$(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | awk '{print $4}')
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*${_previous_mount_opts}\)|\1,${_new_opt}|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function get_mount_point_regexp {
		printf "[[:space:]]%s[[:space:]]" "$1"
}

# $1: mount point
function assert_mount_point_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" -q /etc/fstab \
		|| { echo "The mount point '$1' is not even in /etc/fstab, so we can't set up mount options" >&2; return 1; }
}

# $1: mount point
function remove_defaults_from_fstab_if_overriden {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -q "defaults,") -gt 0 ]
	then
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*\)defaults,|\1|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function ensure_partition_is_mounted {
	local _mount_point="$1"
	mkdir -p "$_mount_point" || return 1
	if mountpoint -q "$_mount_point"; then
		mount -o remount --target "$_mount_point"
	else
		mount --target "$_mount_point"
	fi
}

include_mount_options_functions

# test "$mount_has_to_exist" = 'yes'
test "no" = 'yes' && assert_mount_point_in_fstab "$var_removable_partition" \
	|| { echo "Not remediating, because there is no record of $var_removable_partition in /etc/fstab" >&2; exit 1; }

ensure_mount_option_in_fstab "$var_removable_partition" "nodev"

ensure_partition_is_mounted "$var_removable_partition"


Complexity:low
Disruption:high
Strategy:configure
- name: XCCDF Value var_removable_partition # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_removable_partition: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: get back device associated to mountpoint
  shell: mount | grep ' {{ var_removable_partition }} ' |cut -d ' ' -f 1
  register: device_name
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_nodev_removable_partitions
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26860-7
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: get back device previous mount option
  shell: mount | grep ' {{ var_removable_partition }} ' | sed -re 's:.*\((.*)\):\1:'
  register: device_cur_mountoption
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_nodev_removable_partitions
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26860-7
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: get back device fstype
  shell: mount | grep ' {{ var_removable_partition }} ' | cut -d ' ' -f 5
  register: device_fstype
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_nodev_removable_partitions
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26860-7
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: Ensure permission nodev are set on var_removable_partition
  mount:
    path: "{{ var_removable_partition }}"
    src: "{{device_name.stdout}}"
    opts: "{{ device_cur_mountoption.stdout }},nodev"
    state: "mounted"
    fstype: "{{device_fstype.stdout}}"
  tags:
    - mount_option_nodev_removable_partitions
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26860-7
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

Rule   Add noexec Option to Removable Media Partitions   [ref]

The noexec mount option prevents the direct execution of binaries on the mounted filesystem. Preventing the direct execution of binaries from removable media (such as a USB key) provides a defense against malicious software that may be present on such untrusted media. Add the noexec option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of any removable media partitions.

Rationale:

Allowing users to execute binaries from removable media such as USB keys exposes the system to potential compromise.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_mount_option_noexec_removable_partitions
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000087, AC-19(a), AC-19(d), AC-19(e), CM-7, MP-2, SRG-OS-000035, SV-50456r1_rule




var_removable_partition="(N/A)"
function include_mount_options_functions {
	:
}

# $1: mount point
# $2: new mount point option
function ensure_mount_option_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point="$1" _new_opt="$2" _mount_point_match_regexp="" _previous_mount_opts=""
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$_mount_point")"

	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -c "$_new_opt" ) -eq 0 ]; then
		_previous_mount_opts=$(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | awk '{print $4}')
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*${_previous_mount_opts}\)|\1,${_new_opt}|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function get_mount_point_regexp {
		printf "[[:space:]]%s[[:space:]]" "$1"
}

# $1: mount point
function assert_mount_point_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" -q /etc/fstab \
		|| { echo "The mount point '$1' is not even in /etc/fstab, so we can't set up mount options" >&2; return 1; }
}

# $1: mount point
function remove_defaults_from_fstab_if_overriden {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -q "defaults,") -gt 0 ]
	then
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*\)defaults,|\1|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function ensure_partition_is_mounted {
	local _mount_point="$1"
	mkdir -p "$_mount_point" || return 1
	if mountpoint -q "$_mount_point"; then
		mount -o remount --target "$_mount_point"
	else
		mount --target "$_mount_point"
	fi
}

include_mount_options_functions

# test "$mount_has_to_exist" = 'yes'
test "no" = 'yes' && assert_mount_point_in_fstab "$var_removable_partition" \
	|| { echo "Not remediating, because there is no record of $var_removable_partition in /etc/fstab" >&2; exit 1; }

ensure_mount_option_in_fstab "$var_removable_partition" "noexec"

ensure_partition_is_mounted "$var_removable_partition"


Complexity:low
Disruption:high
Strategy:configure
- name: XCCDF Value var_removable_partition # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_removable_partition: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: get back device associated to mountpoint
  shell: mount | grep ' {{ var_removable_partition }} ' |cut -d ' ' -f 1
  register: device_name
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_noexec_removable_partitions
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-27196-5
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000271

- name: get back device previous mount option
  shell: mount | grep ' {{ var_removable_partition }} ' | sed -re 's:.*\((.*)\):\1:'
  register: device_cur_mountoption
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_noexec_removable_partitions
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-27196-5
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000271

- name: get back device fstype
  shell: mount | grep ' {{ var_removable_partition }} ' | cut -d ' ' -f 5
  register: device_fstype
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_noexec_removable_partitions
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-27196-5
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000271

- name: Ensure permission noexec are set on var_removable_partition
  mount:
    path: "{{ var_removable_partition }}"
    src: "{{device_name.stdout}}"
    opts: "{{ device_cur_mountoption.stdout }},noexec"
    state: "mounted"
    fstype: "{{device_fstype.stdout}}"
  tags:
    - mount_option_noexec_removable_partitions
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-27196-5
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000271

Rule   Bind Mount /var/tmp To /tmp   [ref]

The /var/tmp directory is a world-writable directory. Bind-mount it to /tmp in order to consolidate temporary storage into one location protected by the same techniques as /tmp. To do so, edit /etc/fstab and add the following line:

/tmp     /var/tmp     none     rw,nodev,noexec,nosuid,bind     0 0
See the mount(8) man page for further explanation of bind mounting.

Rationale:

Having multiple locations for temporary storage is not required. Unless absolutely necessary to meet requirements, the storage location /var/tmp should be bind mounted to /tmp and thus share the same protections.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_mount_option_var_tmp_bind
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



function include_mount_options_functions {
	:
}

# $1: mount point
# $2: new mount point option
function ensure_mount_option_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point="$1" _new_opt="$2" _mount_point_match_regexp="" _previous_mount_opts=""
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$_mount_point")"

	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -c "$_new_opt" ) -eq 0 ]; then
		_previous_mount_opts=$(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | awk '{print $4}')
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*${_previous_mount_opts}\)|\1,${_new_opt}|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function get_mount_point_regexp {
		printf "[[:space:]]%s[[:space:]]" "$1"
}

# $1: mount point
function assert_mount_point_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" -q /etc/fstab \
		|| { echo "The mount point '$1' is not even in /etc/fstab, so we can't set up mount options" >&2; return 1; }
}

# $1: mount point
function remove_defaults_from_fstab_if_overriden {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -q "defaults,") -gt 0 ]
	then
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*\)defaults,|\1|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function ensure_partition_is_mounted {
	local _mount_point="$1"
	mkdir -p "$_mount_point" || return 1
	if mountpoint -q "$_mount_point"; then
		mount -o remount --target "$_mount_point"
	else
		mount --target "$_mount_point"
	fi
}

include_mount_options_functions

# test "$mount_has_to_exist" = 'yes'
test "yes" = 'yes' && assert_mount_point_in_fstab /var/tmp \
	|| { echo "Not remediating, because there is no record of /var/tmp in /etc/fstab" >&2; exit 1; }

ensure_mount_option_in_fstab "/var/tmp" "bind"

ensure_partition_is_mounted "/var/tmp"


Complexity:low
Disruption:high
Strategy:configure
- name: get back device associated to mountpoint
  shell: mount | grep ' /var/tmp ' |cut -d ' ' -f 1
  register: device_name
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_var_tmp_bind
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26582-7
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

- name: get back device previous mount option
  shell: mount | grep ' /var/tmp ' | sed -re 's:.*\((.*)\):\1:'
  register: device_cur_mountoption
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_var_tmp_bind
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26582-7
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

- name: get back device fstype
  shell: mount | grep ' /var/tmp ' | cut -d ' ' -f 5
  register: device_fstype
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_var_tmp_bind
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26582-7
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

- name: Ensure permission bind are set on /var/tmp
  mount:
    path: "/var/tmp"
    src: "{{device_name.stdout}}"
    opts: "{{device_cur_mountoption.stdout}},bind"
    state: "mounted"
    fstype: "{{device_fstype.stdout}}"
  tags:
    - mount_option_var_tmp_bind
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26582-7
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Add nodev Option to /dev/shm   [ref]

The nodev mount option can be used to prevent creation of device files in /dev/shm. Legitimate character and block devices should not exist within temporary directories like /dev/shm. Add the nodev option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of /dev/shm.

Rationale:

The only legitimate location for device files is the /dev directory located on the root partition. The only exception to this is chroot jails.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_mount_option_dev_shm_nodev
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7, MP-2



function include_mount_options_functions {
	:
}

# $1: mount point
# $2: new mount point option
function ensure_mount_option_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point="$1" _new_opt="$2" _mount_point_match_regexp="" _previous_mount_opts=""
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$_mount_point")"

	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -c "$_new_opt" ) -eq 0 ]; then
		_previous_mount_opts=$(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | awk '{print $4}')
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*${_previous_mount_opts}\)|\1,${_new_opt}|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function get_mount_point_regexp {
		printf "[[:space:]]%s[[:space:]]" "$1"
}

# $1: mount point
function assert_mount_point_in_fstab {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" -q /etc/fstab \
		|| { echo "The mount point '$1' is not even in /etc/fstab, so we can't set up mount options" >&2; return 1; }
}

# $1: mount point
function remove_defaults_from_fstab_if_overriden {
	local _mount_point_match_regexp
	_mount_point_match_regexp="$(get_mount_point_regexp "$1")"
	if [ $(grep "$_mount_point_match_regexp" /etc/fstab | grep -q "defaults,") -gt 0 ]
	then
		sed -i "s|\(${_mount_point_match_regexp}.*\)defaults,|\1|" /etc/fstab
	fi
}

# $1: mount point
function ensure_partition_is_mounted {
	local _mount_point="$1"
	mkdir -p "$_mount_point" || return 1
	if mountpoint -q "$_mount_point"; then
		mount -o remount --target "$_mount_point"
	else
		mount --target "$_mount_point"
	fi
}

include_mount_options_functions

# test "$mount_has_to_exist" = 'yes'
test "yes" = 'yes' && assert_mount_point_in_fstab /dev/shm \
	|| { echo "Not remediating, because there is no record of /dev/shm in /etc/fstab" >&2; exit 1; }

ensure_mount_option_in_fstab "/dev/shm" "nodev"

ensure_partition_is_mounted "/dev/shm"


Complexity:low
Disruption:high
Strategy:configure
- name: get back device associated to mountpoint
  shell: mount | grep ' /dev/shm ' |cut -d ' ' -f 1
  register: device_name
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_dev_shm_nodev
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26778-1
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: get back device previous mount option
  shell: mount | grep ' /dev/shm ' | sed -re 's:.*\((.*)\):\1:'
  register: device_cur_mountoption
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_dev_shm_nodev
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26778-1
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: get back device fstype
  shell: mount | grep ' /dev/shm ' | cut -d ' ' -f 5
  register: device_fstype
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - mount_option_dev_shm_nodev
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26778-1
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2

- name: Ensure permission nodev are set on /dev/shm
  mount:
    path: "/dev/shm"
    src: "{{device_name.stdout}}"
    opts: "{{device_cur_mountoption.stdout}},nodev"
    state: "mounted"
    fstype: "{{device_fstype.stdout}}"
  tags:
    - mount_option_dev_shm_nodev
    - unknown_severity
    - configure_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - high_disruption
    - CCE-26778-1
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
    - NIST-800-53-MP-2
Group   Restrict Dynamic Mounting and Unmounting of Filesystems   Group contains 11 rules

[ref]   Linux includes a number of facilities for the automated addition and removal of filesystems on a running system. These facilities may be necessary in many environments, but this capability also carries some risk -- whether direct risk from allowing users to introduce arbitrary filesystems, or risk that software flaws in the automated mount facility itself could allow an attacker to compromise the system.

This command can be used to list the types of filesystems that are available to the currently executing kernel:

$ find /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/fs -type f -name '*.ko'
If these filesystems are not required then they can be explicitly disabled in a configuratio file in /etc/modprobe.d.

Rule   Disable Modprobe Loading of USB Storage Driver   [ref]

To prevent USB storage devices from being used, configure the kernel module loading system to prevent automatic loading of the USB storage driver. To configure the system to prevent the usb-storage kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d:

install usb-storage /bin/true
This will prevent the modprobe program from loading the usb-storage module, but will not prevent an administrator (or another program) from using the insmod program to load the module manually.

Rationale:

USB storage devices such as thumb drives can be used to introduce malicious software.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kernel_module_usb-storage_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001250, CCI-000085, AC-19(a), AC-19(d), AC-19(e), SRG-OS-000273, SV-50291r6_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
if grep --silent "^install usb-storage" /etc/modprobe.d/usb-storage.conf ; then
	sed -i 's/^install usb-storage.*/install usb-storage /bin/true/g' /etc/modprobe.d/usb-storage.conf
else
	echo -e "\n# Disable per security requirements" >> /etc/modprobe.d/usb-storage.conf
	echo "install usb-storage /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/usb-storage.conf
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure kernel module 'usb-storage' is disabled
  lineinfile:
    create=yes
    dest="/etc/modprobe.d/{{item}}.conf"
    regexp="{{item}}"
    line="install {{item}} /bin/true"
  with_items:
    - usb-storage
  tags:
    - kernel_module_usb-storage_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-27016-5
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(e)
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000503

Rule   Disable Kernel Support for USB via Bootloader Configuration   [ref]

All USB support can be disabled by adding the nousb argument to the kernel's boot loader configuration. To do so, append "nousb" to the kernel line in /etc/grub.conf as shown:

kernel /vmlinuz-VERSION ro vga=ext root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet nousb
WARNING: Disabling all kernel support for USB will cause problems for systems with USB-based keyboards, mice, or printers. This configuration is infeasible for systems which require USB devices, which is common.

Rationale:

Disabling the USB subsystem within the Linux kernel at system boot will protect against potentially malicious USB devices, although it is only practical in specialized systems.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_bootloader_nousb_argument
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001250, AC-19(a), AC-19(d), AC-19(e)

Rule   Disable Booting from USB Devices in Boot Firmware   [ref]

Configure the system boot firmware (historically called BIOS on PC systems) to disallow booting from USB drives.

Rationale:

Booting a system from a USB device would allow an attacker to circumvent any security measures provided by the operating system. Attackers could mount partitions and modify the configuration of the OS.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_bios_disable_usb_boot
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001250, AC-19(a), AC-19(d), AC-19(e)

Rule   Disable the Automounter   [ref]

The autofs daemon mounts and unmounts filesystems, such as user home directories shared via NFS, on demand. In addition, autofs can be used to handle removable media, and the default configuration provides the cdrom device as /misc/cd. However, this method of providing access to removable media is not common, so autofs can almost always be disabled if NFS is not in use. Even if NFS is required, it may be possible to configure filesystem mounts statically by editing /etc/fstab rather than relying on the automounter.

The autofs service can be disabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig autofs off

Rationale:

Disabling the automounter permits the administrator to statically control filesystem mounting through /etc/fstab.

Severity: 
low
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_autofs_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000366, AC-19(a), AC-19(d), AC-19(e), SRG-OS-999999, SV-50237r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command disable autofs


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:disable
- name: Disable service autofs
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="no"
    state="stopped"
  register: service_result
  failed_when: "service_result|failed and ('Could not find the requested service' not in service_result.msg)"
  with_items:
    - autofs
  tags:
    - service_autofs_disabled
    - low_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26976-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-19(e)
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000526

Rule   Disable Mounting of cramfs   [ref]

To configure the system to prevent the cramfs kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d:

install cramfs /bin/true
This effectively prevents usage of this uncommon filesystem.

Rationale:

Linux kernel modules which implement filesystems that are not needed by the local system should be disabled.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kernel_module_cramfs_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
if grep --silent "^install cramfs" /etc/modprobe.d/cramfs.conf ; then
	sed -i 's/^install cramfs.*/install cramfs /bin/true/g' /etc/modprobe.d/cramfs.conf
else
	echo -e "\n# Disable per security requirements" >> /etc/modprobe.d/cramfs.conf
	echo "install cramfs /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/cramfs.conf
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure kernel module 'cramfs' is disabled
  lineinfile:
    create=yes
    dest="/etc/modprobe.d/{{item}}.conf"
    regexp="{{item}}"
    line="install {{item}} /bin/true"
  with_items:
    - cramfs
  tags:
    - kernel_module_cramfs_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26340-0
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable Mounting of squashfs   [ref]

To configure the system to prevent the squashfs kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d:

install squashfs /bin/true
This effectively prevents usage of this uncommon filesystem.

Rationale:

Linux kernel modules which implement filesystems that are not needed by the local system should be disabled.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kernel_module_squashfs_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
if grep --silent "^install squashfs" /etc/modprobe.d/squashfs.conf ; then
	sed -i 's/^install squashfs.*/install squashfs /bin/true/g' /etc/modprobe.d/squashfs.conf
else
	echo -e "\n# Disable per security requirements" >> /etc/modprobe.d/squashfs.conf
	echo "install squashfs /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/squashfs.conf
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure kernel module 'squashfs' is disabled
  lineinfile:
    create=yes
    dest="/etc/modprobe.d/{{item}}.conf"
    regexp="{{item}}"
    line="install {{item}} /bin/true"
  with_items:
    - squashfs
  tags:
    - kernel_module_squashfs_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26404-4
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable Mounting of hfsplus   [ref]

To configure the system to prevent the hfsplus kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d:

install hfsplus /bin/true
This effectively prevents usage of this uncommon filesystem.

Rationale:

Linux kernel modules which implement filesystems that are not needed by the local system should be disabled.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kernel_module_hfsplus_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
if grep --silent "^install hfsplus" /etc/modprobe.d/hfsplus.conf ; then
	sed -i 's/^install hfsplus.*/install hfsplus /bin/true/g' /etc/modprobe.d/hfsplus.conf
else
	echo -e "\n# Disable per security requirements" >> /etc/modprobe.d/hfsplus.conf
	echo "install hfsplus /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/hfsplus.conf
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure kernel module 'hfsplus' is disabled
  lineinfile:
    create=yes
    dest="/etc/modprobe.d/{{item}}.conf"
    regexp="{{item}}"
    line="install {{item}} /bin/true"
  with_items:
    - hfsplus
  tags:
    - kernel_module_hfsplus_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26361-6
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable Mounting of jffs2   [ref]

To configure the system to prevent the jffs2 kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d:

install jffs2 /bin/true
This effectively prevents usage of this uncommon filesystem.

Rationale:

Linux kernel modules which implement filesystems that are not needed by the local system should be disabled.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kernel_module_jffs2_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
if grep --silent "^install jffs2" /etc/modprobe.d/jffs2.conf ; then
	sed -i 's/^install jffs2.*/install jffs2 /bin/true/g' /etc/modprobe.d/jffs2.conf
else
	echo -e "\n# Disable per security requirements" >> /etc/modprobe.d/jffs2.conf
	echo "install jffs2 /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/jffs2.conf
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure kernel module 'jffs2' is disabled
  lineinfile:
    create=yes
    dest="/etc/modprobe.d/{{item}}.conf"
    regexp="{{item}}"
    line="install {{item}} /bin/true"
  with_items:
    - jffs2
  tags:
    - kernel_module_jffs2_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26670-0
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable Mounting of hfs   [ref]

To configure the system to prevent the hfs kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d:

install hfs /bin/true
This effectively prevents usage of this uncommon filesystem.

Rationale:

Linux kernel modules which implement filesystems that are not needed by the local system should be disabled.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kernel_module_hfs_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
if grep --silent "^install hfs" /etc/modprobe.d/hfs.conf ; then
	sed -i 's/^install hfs.*/install hfs /bin/true/g' /etc/modprobe.d/hfs.conf
else
	echo -e "\n# Disable per security requirements" >> /etc/modprobe.d/hfs.conf
	echo "install hfs /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/hfs.conf
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure kernel module 'hfs' is disabled
  lineinfile:
    create=yes
    dest="/etc/modprobe.d/{{item}}.conf"
    regexp="{{item}}"
    line="install {{item}} /bin/true"
  with_items:
    - hfs
  tags:
    - kernel_module_hfs_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26800-3
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable Mounting of udf   [ref]

To configure the system to prevent the udf kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d:

install udf /bin/true
This effectively prevents usage of this uncommon filesystem.

Rationale:

Linux kernel modules which implement filesystems that are not needed by the local system should be disabled.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kernel_module_udf_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
if grep --silent "^install udf" /etc/modprobe.d/udf.conf ; then
	sed -i 's/^install udf.*/install udf /bin/true/g' /etc/modprobe.d/udf.conf
else
	echo -e "\n# Disable per security requirements" >> /etc/modprobe.d/udf.conf
	echo "install udf /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/udf.conf
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure kernel module 'udf' is disabled
  lineinfile:
    create=yes
    dest="/etc/modprobe.d/{{item}}.conf"
    regexp="{{item}}"
    line="install {{item}} /bin/true"
  with_items:
    - udf
  tags:
    - kernel_module_udf_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26677-5
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7

Rule   Disable Mounting of freevxfs   [ref]

To configure the system to prevent the freevxfs kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d:

install freevxfs /bin/true
This effectively prevents usage of this uncommon filesystem.

Rationale:

Linux kernel modules which implement filesystems that are not needed by the local system should be disabled.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_kernel_module_freevxfs_disabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CM-7



Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
if grep --silent "^install freevxfs" /etc/modprobe.d/freevxfs.conf ; then
	sed -i 's/^install freevxfs.*/install freevxfs /bin/true/g' /etc/modprobe.d/freevxfs.conf
else
	echo -e "\n# Disable per security requirements" >> /etc/modprobe.d/freevxfs.conf
	echo "install freevxfs /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/freevxfs.conf
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:medium
Reboot:true
Strategy:disable
- name: Ensure kernel module 'freevxfs' is disabled
  lineinfile:
    create=yes
    dest="/etc/modprobe.d/{{item}}.conf"
    regexp="{{item}}"
    line="install {{item}} /bin/true"
  with_items:
    - freevxfs
  tags:
    - kernel_module_freevxfs_disabled
    - unknown_severity
    - disable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26544-7
    - NIST-800-53-CM-7
Group   System Accounting with <tt>auditd</tt>   Group contains 4 groups and 41 rules

[ref]   The audit service provides substantial capabilities for recording system activities. By default, the service audits about SELinux AVC denials and certain types of security-relevant events such as system logins, account modifications, and authentication events performed by programs such as sudo. Under its default configuration, auditd has modest disk space requirements, and should not noticeably impact system performance.

Government networks often have substantial auditing requirements and auditd can be configured to meet these requirements. Examining some example audit records demonstrates how the Linux audit system satisfies common requirements. The following example from Fedora Documentation available at http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/Security-Enhanced_Linux/sect-Security-Enhanced_Linux-Fixing_Problems-Raw_Audit_Messages.html shows the substantial amount of information captured in a two typical "raw" audit messages, followed by a breakdown of the most important fields. In this example the message is SELinux-related and reports an AVC denial (and the associated system call) that occurred when the Apache HTTP Server attempted to access the /var/www/html/file1 file (labeled with the samba_share_t type):

type=AVC msg=audit(1226874073.147:96): avc:  denied  { getattr } for pid=2465 comm="httpd"
path="/var/www/html/file1" dev=dm-0 ino=284133 scontext=unconfined_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0 
tcontext=unconfined_u:object_r:samba_share_t:s0 tclass=file

type=SYSCALL msg=audit(1226874073.147:96): arch=40000003 syscall=196 success=no exit=-13 
a0=b98df198 a1=bfec85dc a2=54dff4 a3=2008171 items=0 ppid=2463 pid=2465 auid=502 uid=48
gid=48 euid=48 suid=48 fsuid=48 egid=48 sgid=48 fsgid=48 tty=(none) ses=6 comm="httpd"
exe="/usr/sbin/httpd" subj=unconfined_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0 key=(null)
  • msg=audit(1226874073.147:96)
    • The number in parentheses is the unformatted time stamp (Epoch time) for the event, which can be converted to standard time by using the date command.
  • { getattr }
    • The item in braces indicates the permission that was denied. getattr indicates the source process was trying to read the target file's status information. This occurs before reading files. This action is denied due to the file being accessed having the wrong label. Commonly seen permissions include getattr, read, and write.
  • comm="httpd"
    • The executable that launched the process. The full path of the executable is found in the exe= section of the system call (SYSCALL) message, which in this case, is exe="/usr/sbin/httpd".
  • path="/var/www/html/file1"
    • The path to the object (target) the process attempted to access.
  • scontext="unconfined_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0"
    • The SELinux context of the process that attempted the denied action. In this case, it is the SELinux context of the Apache HTTP Server, which is running in the httpd_t domain.
  • tcontext="unconfined_u:object_r:samba_share_t:s0"
    • The SELinux context of the object (target) the process attempted to access. In this case, it is the SELinux context of file1. Note: the samba_share_t type is not accessible to processes running in the httpd_t domain.
  • From the system call (SYSCALL) message, two items are of interest:
    • success=no: indicates whether the denial (AVC) was enforced or not. success=no indicates the system call was not successful (SELinux denied access). success=yes indicates the system call was successful - this can be seen for permissive domains or unconfined domains, such as initrc_t and kernel_t.
    • exe="/usr/sbin/httpd": the full path to the executable that launched the process, which in this case, is exe="/usr/sbin/httpd".

Group   Configure <tt>auditd</tt> Data Retention   Group contains 7 rules

[ref]   The audit system writes data to /var/log/audit/audit.log. By default, auditd rotates 5 logs by size (6MB), retaining a maximum of 30MB of data in total, and refuses to write entries when the disk is too full. This minimizes the risk of audit data filling its partition and impacting other services. This also minimizes the risk of the audit daemon temporarily disabling the system if it cannot write audit log (which it can be configured to do). For a busy system or a system which is thoroughly auditing system activity, the default settings for data retention may be insufficient. The log file size needed will depend heavily on what types of events are being audited. First configure auditing to log all the events of interest. Then monitor the log size manually for awhile to determine what file size will allow you to keep the required data for the correct time period.

Using a dedicated partition for /var/log/audit prevents the auditd logs from disrupting system functionality if they fill, and, more importantly, prevents other activity in /var from filling the partition and stopping the audit trail. (The audit logs are size-limited and therefore unlikely to grow without bound unless configured to do so.) Some machines may have requirements that no actions occur which cannot be audited. If this is the case, then auditd can be configured to halt the machine if it runs out of space. Note: Since older logs are rotated, configuring auditd this way does not prevent older logs from being rotated away before they can be viewed. If your system is configured to halt when logging cannot be performed, make sure this can never happen under normal circumstances! Ensure that /var/log/audit is on its own partition, and that this partition is larger than the maximum amount of data auditd will retain normally.

Rule   Configure auditd to use audispd's syslog plugin   [ref]

To configure the auditd service to use the syslog plug-in of the audispd audit event multiplexor, set the active line in /etc/audisp/plugins.d/syslog.conf to yes. Restart the auditd service:

$ sudo service auditd restart

Rationale:

The auditd service does not include the ability to send audit records to a centralized server for management directly. It does, however, include a plug-in for audit event multiplexor (audispd) to pass audit records to the local syslog server

Severity: 
low
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_auditd_audispd_syslog_plugin_activated
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000136, AU-1(b), AU-3(2), IR-5, Req-10.5.3, SRG-OS-000043, SV-50271r1_rule




grep -q ^active /etc/audisp/plugins.d/syslog.conf && \
  sed -i "s/active.*/active = yes/g" /etc/audisp/plugins.d/syslog.conf
if ! [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "active = yes" >> /etc/audisp/plugins.d/syslog.conf
fi

Rule   Configure auditd Max Log File Size   [ref]

Determine the amount of audit data (in megabytes) which should be retained in each log file. Edit the file /etc/audit/auditd.conf. Add or modify the following line, substituting the correct value of (N/A) for STOREMB:

max_log_file = STOREMB
Set the value to 6 (MB) or higher for general-purpose systems. Larger values, of course, support retention of even more audit data.

Rationale:

The total storage for audit log files must be large enough to retain log information over the period required. This is a function of the maximum log file size and the number of logs retained.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_auditd_data_retention_max_log_file
Identifiers and References

References:  AU-1(b), AU-11, IR-5, Req-10.7, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50434r1_rule




var_auditd_max_log_file="(N/A)"

AUDITCONFIG=/etc/audit/auditd.conf

grep -q ^max_log_file $AUDITCONFIG && \
  sed -i 's/^max_log_file.*/max_log_file = '"$var_auditd_max_log_file"'/g' $AUDITCONFIG
if ! [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
  echo "max_log_file = $var_auditd_max_log_file" >> $AUDITCONFIG
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict
- name: XCCDF Value var_auditd_max_log_file # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_auditd_max_log_file: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: Configure auditd Max Log File Size
  lineinfile:
    dest: /etc/audit/auditd.conf
    line: "max_log_file {{ var_auditd_max_log_file }}"
    state: present
  #notify: reload auditd
  tags:
    - auditd_data_retention_max_log_file
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27550-3
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-11
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000160

Rule   Configure auditd mail_acct Action on Low Disk Space   [ref]

The auditd service can be configured to send email to a designated account in certain situations. Add or correct the following line in /etc/audit/auditd.conf to ensure that administrators are notified via email for those situations:

action_mail_acct = (N/A)

Rationale:

Email sent to the root account is typically aliased to the administrators of the system, who can take appropriate action.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_auditd_data_retention_action_mail_acct
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000139, CCI-000144, AU-1(b), AU-4, AU-5(a), IR-5, Req-10.7.a, SRG-OS-000046, SV-50481r1_rule




var_auditd_action_mail_acct="(N/A)"

AUDITCONFIG=/etc/audit/auditd.conf

grep -q ^action_mail_acct $AUDITCONFIG && \
  sed -i 's/^action_mail_acct.*/action_mail_acct = '"$var_auditd_action_mail_acct"'/g' $AUDITCONFIG
if ! [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
  echo "action_mail_acct = $var_auditd_action_mail_acct" >> $AUDITCONFIG
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict
- name: XCCDF Value var_auditd_action_mail_acct # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_auditd_action_mail_acct: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: Configure auditd mail_acct Action on Low Disk Space
  lineinfile:
    dest: /etc/audit/auditd.conf
    line: "action_mail_acct = {{ var_auditd_action_mail_acct }}"
    state: present
  #notify: reload auditd
  tags:
    - auditd_data_retention_action_mail_acct
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27241-9
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-4
    - NIST-800-53-AU-5(a)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.7.a
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000313

Rule   Configure auditd admin_space_left Action on Low Disk Space   [ref]

The auditd service can be configured to take an action when disk space is running low but prior to running out of space completely. Edit the file /etc/audit/auditd.conf. Add or modify the following line, substituting ACTION appropriately:

admin_space_left_action = ACTION
Set this value to single to cause the system to switch to single-user mode for corrective action. Acceptable values also include suspend and halt. For certain systems, the need for availability outweighs the need to log all actions, and a different setting should be determined. Details regarding all possible values for ACTION are described in the auditd.conf man page.

Rationale:

Administrators should be made aware of an inability to record audit records. If a separate partition or logical volume of adequate size is used, running low on space for audit records should never occur.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_auditd_data_retention_admin_space_left_action
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000140, CCI-001343, AU-1(b), AU-4, AU-5(b), IR-5, Req-10.7, SRG-OS-999999, SV-68627r3_rule




var_auditd_admin_space_left_action="halt"

grep -q ^admin_space_left_action /etc/audit/auditd.conf && \
  sed -i "s/admin_space_left_action.*/admin_space_left_action = $var_auditd_admin_space_left_action/g" /etc/audit/auditd.conf
if ! [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "admin_space_left_action = $var_auditd_admin_space_left_action" >> /etc/audit/auditd.conf
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict
- name: XCCDF Value var_auditd_admin_space_left_action # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_auditd_admin_space_left_action: halt
  tags:
    - always

- name: Configure auditd admin_space_left Action on Low Disk Space
  lineinfile:
    dest: /etc/audit/auditd.conf
    line: "admin_space_left_action = {{ var_auditd_admin_space_left_action }}"
    regexp: "^admin_space_left_action*"
  #notify: reload auditd
  tags:
    - auditd_data_retention_admin_space_left_action
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27239-3
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-4
    - NIST-800-53-AU-5(b)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000163

Rule   Configure auditd space_left Action on Low Disk Space   [ref]

The auditd service can be configured to take an action when disk space starts to run low. Edit the file /etc/audit/auditd.conf. Modify the following line, substituting ACTION appropriately:

space_left_action = ACTION
Possible values for ACTION are described in the auditd.conf man page. These include:
  • ignore
  • syslog
  • email
  • exec
  • suspend
  • single
  • halt
Set this to email (instead of the default, which is suspend) as it is more likely to get prompt attention. Acceptable values also include suspend, single, and halt.

Rationale:

Notifying administrators of an impending disk space problem may allow them to take corrective action prior to any disruption.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_auditd_data_retention_space_left_action
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000140, CCI-000143, AU-1(b), AU-4, AU-5(b), IR-5, Req-10.7, SRG-OS-000045, SV-50270r2_rule




var_auditd_space_left_action="(N/A)"

#
# If space_left_action present in /etc/audit/auditd.conf, change value
# to var_auditd_space_left_action, else
# add "space_left_action = $var_auditd_space_left_action" to /etc/audit/auditd.conf
#

if grep --silent ^space_left_action /etc/audit/auditd.conf ; then
        sed -i 's/^space_left_action.*/space_left_action = '"$var_auditd_space_left_action"'/g' /etc/audit/auditd.conf
else
        echo -e "\n# Set space_left_action to $var_auditd_space_left_action per security requirements" >> /etc/audit/auditd.conf
        echo "space_left_action = $var_auditd_space_left_action" >> /etc/audit/auditd.conf
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict
- name: XCCDF Value var_auditd_space_left_action # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_auditd_space_left_action: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: Configure auditd space_left Action on Low Disk Space
  lineinfile:
    dest: /etc/audit/auditd.conf
    line: "space_left_action = {{ var_auditd_space_left_action }}"
    regexp: ^space_left_action*
  #notify: reload auditd
  tags:
    - auditd_data_retention_space_left_action
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27238-5
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-4
    - NIST-800-53-AU-5(b)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000005

Rule   Configure auditd Number of Logs Retained   [ref]

Determine how many log files auditd should retain when it rotates logs. Edit the file /etc/audit/auditd.conf. Add or modify the following line, substituting NUMLOGS with the correct value of (N/A):

num_logs = NUMLOGS
Set the value to 5 for general-purpose systems. Note that values less than 2 result in no log rotation.

Rationale:

The total storage for audit log files must be large enough to retain log information over the period required. This is a function of the maximum log file size and the number of logs retained.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_auditd_data_retention_num_logs
Identifiers and References

References:  AU-1(b), AU-11, IR-5, Req-10.7, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50437r1_rule




var_auditd_num_logs="(N/A)"

AUDITCONFIG=/etc/audit/auditd.conf

grep -q ^num_logs $AUDITCONFIG && \
  sed -i 's/^num_logs.*/num_logs = '"$var_auditd_num_logs"'/g' $AUDITCONFIG
if ! [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
  echo "num_logs = $var_auditd_num_logs" >> $AUDITCONFIG
fi

Rule   Configure auditd max_log_file_action Upon Reaching Maximum Log Size   [ref]

The default action to take when the logs reach their maximum size is to rotate the log files, discarding the oldest one. To configure the action taken by auditd, add or correct the line in /etc/audit/auditd.conf:

max_log_file_action = ACTION
Possible values for ACTION are described in the auditd.conf man page. These include:
  • ignore
  • syslog
  • suspend
  • rotate
  • keep_logs
Set the ACTION to rotate to ensure log rotation occurs. This is the default. The setting is case-insensitive.

Rationale:

Automatically rotating logs (by setting this to rotate) minimizes the chances of the system unexpectedly running out of disk space by being overwhelmed with log data. However, for systems that must never discard log data, or which use external processes to transfer it and reclaim space, keep_logs can be employed.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_auditd_data_retention_max_log_file_action
Identifiers and References

References:  AU-1(b), AU-4, AU-11, IR-5, Req-10.7, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50435r2_rule




var_auditd_max_log_file_action="(N/A)"

AUDITCONFIG=/etc/audit/auditd.conf

grep -q ^max_log_file_action $AUDITCONFIG && \
  sed -i 's/^max_log_file_action.*/max_log_file_action = '"$var_auditd_max_log_file_action"'/g' $AUDITCONFIG
if ! [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
  echo "max_log_file_action = $var_auditd_max_log_file_action" >> $AUDITCONFIG
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict
- name: XCCDF Value var_auditd_max_log_file_action # promote to variable
  set_fact:
    var_auditd_max_log_file_action: (N/A)
  tags:
    - always

- name: Configure auditd max_log_file_action Upon Reaching Maximum Log Size
  lineinfile:
    dest: /etc/audit/auditd.conf
    line: "max_log_file_action {{ var_auditd_max_log_file_action }}"
    state: present
  #notify: reload auditd
  tags:
    - auditd_data_retention_max_log_file_action
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27237-7
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-4
    - NIST-800-53-AU-11
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.7
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000161
Group   Configure <tt>auditd</tt> Rules for Comprehensive Auditing   Group contains 2 groups and 32 rules

[ref]   The auditd program can perform comprehensive monitoring of system activity. This section describes recommended configuration settings for comprehensive auditing, but a full description of the auditing system's capabilities is beyond the scope of this guide. The mailing list linux-audit@redhat.com exists to facilitate community discussion of the auditing system.

The audit subsystem supports extensive collection of events, including:

  • Tracing of arbitrary system calls (identified by name or number) on entry or exit.
  • Filtering by PID, UID, call success, system call argument (with some limitations), etc.
  • Monitoring of specific files for modifications to the file's contents or metadata.

Auditing rules at startup are controlled by the file /etc/audit/audit.rules. Add rules to it to meet the auditing requirements for your organization. Each line in /etc/audit/audit.rules represents a series of arguments that can be passed to auditctl and can be individually tested during runtime. See documentation in /usr/share/doc/audit-VERSION and in the related man pages for more details.

If copying any example audit rulesets from /usr/share/doc/audit-VERSION, be sure to comment out the lines containing arch= which are not appropriate for your system's architecture. Then review and understand the following rules, ensuring rules are activated as needed for the appropriate architecture.

After reviewing all the rules, reading the following sections, and editing as needed, the new rules can be activated as follows:
$ sudo service auditd restart

Group   Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls   Group contains 13 rules

[ref]   At a minimum, the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. Note that the "-F arch=b32" lines should be present even on a 64 bit system. These commands identify system calls for auditing. Even if the system is 64 bit it can still execute 32 bit system calls. Additionally, these rules can be configured in a number of ways while still achieving the desired effect. An example of this is that the "-S" calls could be split up and placed on separate lines, however, this is less efficient. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod -S fchmod -S fchmodat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
    -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chown -S fchown -S fchownat -S lchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
    -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S setxattr -S lsetxattr -S fsetxattr -S removexattr -S lremovexattr -S fremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
If your system is 64 bit then these lines should be duplicated and the arch=b32 replaced with arch=b64 as follows:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod -S fchmod -S fchmodat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
    -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown -S fchown -S fchownat -S lchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
    -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S setxattr -S lsetxattr -S fsetxattr -S removexattr -S lremovexattr -S fremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod

Rule   Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - fchown   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod

Rationale:

The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_dac_modification_fchown
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.5.5, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50353r3_rule





# Perform the remediation for the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in ${RULE_ARCHS[@]}
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S .* -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k *"
	GROUP="chown"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S chown -S fchown -S fchownat -S lchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:true
Strategy:restrict

#
# What architecture are we on?
#
- name: Set architecture for audit fchown tasks
  set_fact:
    audit_arch: "b{{ ansible_architecture | regex_replace('.*(\\d\\d$)','\\1') }}"

#
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/rules.d
#
- name: Search /etc/audit/rules.d for other DAC audit rules
  find:
    paths: "/etc/audit/rules.d"
    recurse: no
    contains: "-F key=perm_mod$"
    patterns: "*.rules"
  register: find_fchown

- name: If existing DAC ruleset not found, use /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files: 
      - /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules
  when: find_fchown.matched == 0

- name: Use matched file as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files:
      - "{{ find_fchown.files | map(attribute='path') | list | first }}"
  when: find_fchown.matched > 0

- name: Inserts/replaces the fchown rule in rules.d when on x86
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fchown
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27177-5
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000188

- name: Inserts/replaces the fchown rule in rules.d when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fchown
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27177-5
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000188
#    
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules
#
- name: Inserts/replaces the fchown rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules when on x86
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fchown
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27177-5
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000188

- name: Inserts/replaces the fchown rule in audit.rules when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
    create: yes
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fchown
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27177-5
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000188

Rule   Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - setxattr   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S setxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S setxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod

Rationale:

The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_dac_modification_setxattr
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.5.5, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50366r3_rule





# Perform the remediation for the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit .* -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k *"
	GROUP="xattr"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=${ARCH} -S setxattr -S lsetxattr -S fsetxattr -S removexattr -S lremovexattr -S fremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:true
Strategy:restrict

#
# What architecture are we on?
#
- name: Set architecture for audit setxattr tasks
  set_fact:
    audit_arch: "b{{ ansible_architecture | regex_replace('.*(\\d\\d$)','\\1') }}"

#
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/rules.d
#
- name: Search /etc/audit/rules.d for other DAC audit rules
  find:
    paths: "/etc/audit/rules.d"
    recurse: no
    contains: "-F key=perm_mod$"
    patterns: "*.rules"
  register: find_setxattr

- name: If existing DAC ruleset not found, use /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files: 
      - /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules
  when: find_setxattr.matched == 0

- name: Use matched file as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files:
      - "{{ find_setxattr.files | map(attribute='path') | list | first }}"
  when: find_setxattr.matched > 0

- name: Inserts/replaces the setxattr rule in rules.d when on x86
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S setxattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_setxattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27185-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000196

- name: Inserts/replaces the setxattr rule in rules.d when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S setxattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_setxattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27185-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000196
#    
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules
#
- name: Inserts/replaces the setxattr rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules when on x86
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S setxattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_setxattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27185-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000196

- name: Inserts/replaces the setxattr rule in audit.rules when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
    create: yes
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S setxattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_setxattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27185-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000196

Rule   Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - chown   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod

Rationale:

The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_dac_modification_chown
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.5.5, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50346r3_rule





# Perform the remediation for the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in ${RULE_ARCHS[@]}
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S .* -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k *"
	GROUP="chown"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S chown -S fchown -S fchownat -S lchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:true
Strategy:restrict

#
# What architecture are we on?
#
- name: Set architecture for audit chown tasks
  set_fact:
    audit_arch: "b{{ ansible_architecture | regex_replace('.*(\\d\\d$)','\\1') }}"

#
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/rules.d
#
- name: Search /etc/audit/rules.d for other DAC audit rules
  find:
    paths: "/etc/audit/rules.d"
    recurse: no
    contains: "-F key=perm_mod$"
    patterns: "*.rules"
  register: find_chown

- name: If existing DAC ruleset not found, use /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files: 
      - /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules
  when: find_chown.matched == 0

- name: Use matched file as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files:
      - "{{ find_chown.files | map(attribute='path') | list | first }}"
  when: find_chown.matched > 0

- name: Inserts/replaces the chown rule in rules.d when on x86
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_chown
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27173-4
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000185

- name: Inserts/replaces the chown rule in rules.d when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_chown
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27173-4
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000185
#    
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules
#
- name: Inserts/replaces the chown rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules when on x86
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_chown
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27173-4
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000185

- name: Inserts/replaces the chown rule in audit.rules when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
    create: yes
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_chown
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27173-4
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000185

Rule   Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - removexattr   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S removexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S removexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod

Rationale:

The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_dac_modification_removexattr
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.5.5, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50364r3_rule





# Perform the remediation for the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit .* -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k *"
	GROUP="xattr"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=${ARCH} -S setxattr -S lsetxattr -S fsetxattr -S removexattr -S lremovexattr -S fremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:true
Strategy:restrict

#
# What architecture are we on?
#
- name: Set architecture for audit removexattr tasks
  set_fact:
    audit_arch: "b{{ ansible_architecture | regex_replace('.*(\\d\\d$)','\\1') }}"

#
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/rules.d
#
- name: Search /etc/audit/rules.d for other DAC audit rules
  find:
    paths: "/etc/audit/rules.d"
    recurse: no
    contains: "-F key=perm_mod$"
    patterns: "*.rules"
  register: find_removexattr

- name: If existing DAC ruleset not found, use /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files: 
      - /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules
  when: find_removexattr.matched == 0

- name: Use matched file as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files:
      - "{{ find_removexattr.files | map(attribute='path') | list | first }}"
  when: find_removexattr.matched > 0

- name: Inserts/replaces the removexattr rule in rules.d when on x86
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S removexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_removexattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27184-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000195

- name: Inserts/replaces the removexattr rule in rules.d when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S removexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_removexattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27184-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000195
#    
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules
#
- name: Inserts/replaces the removexattr rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules when on x86
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S removexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_removexattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27184-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000195

- name: Inserts/replaces the removexattr rule in audit.rules when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
    create: yes
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S removexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_removexattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27184-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000195

Rule   Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - lsetxattr   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S lsetxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S lsetxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod

Rationale:

The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_dac_modification_lsetxattr
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.5.5, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50362r3_rule





# Perform the remediation for the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit .* -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k *"
	GROUP="xattr"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=${ARCH} -S setxattr -S lsetxattr -S fsetxattr -S removexattr -S lremovexattr -S fremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:true
Strategy:restrict

#
# What architecture are we on?
#
- name: Set architecture for audit lsetxattr tasks
  set_fact:
    audit_arch: "b{{ ansible_architecture | regex_replace('.*(\\d\\d$)','\\1') }}"

#
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/rules.d
#
- name: Search /etc/audit/rules.d for other DAC audit rules
  find:
    paths: "/etc/audit/rules.d"
    recurse: no
    contains: "-F key=perm_mod$"
    patterns: "*.rules"
  register: find_lsetxattr

- name: If existing DAC ruleset not found, use /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files: 
      - /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules
  when: find_lsetxattr.matched == 0

- name: Use matched file as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files:
      - "{{ find_lsetxattr.files | map(attribute='path') | list | first }}"
  when: find_lsetxattr.matched > 0

- name: Inserts/replaces the lsetxattr rule in rules.d when on x86
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S lsetxattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_lsetxattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27183-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000194

- name: Inserts/replaces the lsetxattr rule in rules.d when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S lsetxattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_lsetxattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27183-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000194
#    
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules
#
- name: Inserts/replaces the lsetxattr rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules when on x86
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S lsetxattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_lsetxattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27183-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000194

- name: Inserts/replaces the lsetxattr rule in audit.rules when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
    create: yes
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S lsetxattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_lsetxattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27183-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000194

Rule   Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - chmod   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod  -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod

Rationale:

The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_dac_modification_chmod
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.5.5, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50344r3_rule





# Perform the remediation for the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S .* -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k *"
	GROUP="chmod"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S chmod -S fchmod -S fchmodat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:true
Strategy:restrict

#
# What architecture are we on?
#
- name: Set architecture for audit chmod tasks
  set_fact:
    audit_arch: "b{{ ansible_architecture | regex_replace('.*(\\d\\d$)','\\1') }}"

#
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/rules.d
#
- name: Search /etc/audit/rules.d for other DAC audit rules
  find:
    paths: "/etc/audit/rules.d"
    recurse: no
    contains: "-F key=perm_mod$"
    patterns: "*.rules"
  register: find_chmod

- name: If existing DAC ruleset not found, use /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files: 
      - /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules
  when: find_chmod.matched == 0

- name: Use matched file as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files:
      - "{{ find_chmod.files | map(attribute='path') | list | first }}"
  when: find_chmod.matched > 0

- name: Inserts/replaces the chmod rule in rules.d when on x86
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_chmod
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26280-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000184

- name: Inserts/replaces the chmod rule in rules.d when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_chmod
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26280-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000184
#    
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules
#
- name: Inserts/replaces the chmod rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules when on x86
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_chmod
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26280-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000184

- name: Inserts/replaces the chmod rule in audit.rules when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
    create: yes
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_chmod
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26280-8
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000184

Rule   Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - fchmodat   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchmodat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchmodat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod

Rationale:

The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_dac_modification_fchmodat
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.5.5, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50351r3_rule





# Perform the remediation for the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S .* -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k *"
	GROUP="chmod"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S chmod -S fchmod -S fchmodat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:true
Strategy:restrict

#
# What architecture are we on?
#
- name: Set architecture for audit fchmodat tasks
  set_fact:
    audit_arch: "b{{ ansible_architecture | regex_replace('.*(\\d\\d$)','\\1') }}"

#
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/rules.d
#
- name: Search /etc/audit/rules.d for other DAC audit rules
  find:
    paths: "/etc/audit/rules.d"
    recurse: no
    contains: "-F key=perm_mod$"
    patterns: "*.rules"
  register: find_fchmodat

- name: If existing DAC ruleset not found, use /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files: 
      - /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules
  when: find_fchmodat.matched == 0

- name: Use matched file as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files:
      - "{{ find_fchmodat.files | map(attribute='path') | list | first }}"
  when: find_fchmodat.matched > 0

- name: Inserts/replaces the fchmodat rule in rules.d when on x86
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fchmodat
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27175-9
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000187

- name: Inserts/replaces the fchmodat rule in rules.d when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fchmodat
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27175-9
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000187
#    
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules
#
- name: Inserts/replaces the fchmodat rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules when on x86
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fchmodat
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27175-9
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000187

- name: Inserts/replaces the fchmodat rule in audit.rules when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
    create: yes
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchmodat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fchmodat
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27175-9
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000187

Rule   Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - fsetxattr   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fsetxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fsetxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod

Rationale:

The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_dac_modification_fsetxattr
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.5.5, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50358r3_rule





# Perform the remediation for the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit .* -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k *"
	GROUP="xattr"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=${ARCH} -S setxattr -S lsetxattr -S fsetxattr -S removexattr -S lremovexattr -S fremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:true
Strategy:restrict

#
# What architecture are we on?
#
- name: Set architecture for audit fsetxattr tasks
  set_fact:
    audit_arch: "b{{ ansible_architecture | regex_replace('.*(\\d\\d$)','\\1') }}"

#
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/rules.d
#
- name: Search /etc/audit/rules.d for other DAC audit rules
  find:
    paths: "/etc/audit/rules.d"
    recurse: no
    contains: "-F key=perm_mod$"
    patterns: "*.rules"
  register: find_fsetxattr

- name: If existing DAC ruleset not found, use /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files: 
      - /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules
  when: find_fsetxattr.matched == 0

- name: Use matched file as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files:
      - "{{ find_fsetxattr.files | map(attribute='path') | list | first }}"
  when: find_fsetxattr.matched > 0

- name: Inserts/replaces the fsetxattr rule in rules.d when on x86
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fsetxattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fsetxattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27180-9
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000191

- name: Inserts/replaces the fsetxattr rule in rules.d when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fsetxattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fsetxattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27180-9
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000191
#    
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules
#
- name: Inserts/replaces the fsetxattr rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules when on x86
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fsetxattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fsetxattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27180-9
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000191

- name: Inserts/replaces the fsetxattr rule in audit.rules when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
    create: yes
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fsetxattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fsetxattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27180-9
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000191

Rule   Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - fremovexattr   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod

Rationale:

The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_dac_modification_fremovexattr
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.5.5, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50357r3_rule





# Perform the remediation for the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit .* -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k *"
	GROUP="xattr"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=${ARCH} -S setxattr -S lsetxattr -S fsetxattr -S removexattr -S lremovexattr -S fremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:true
Strategy:restrict

#
# What architecture are we on?
#
- name: Set architecture for audit fremovexattr tasks
  set_fact:
    audit_arch: "b{{ ansible_architecture | regex_replace('.*(\\d\\d$)','\\1') }}"

#
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/rules.d
#
- name: Search /etc/audit/rules.d for other DAC audit rules
  find:
    paths: "/etc/audit/rules.d"
    recurse: no
    contains: "-F key=perm_mod$"
    patterns: "*.rules"
  register: find_fremovexattr

- name: If existing DAC ruleset not found, use /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files: 
      - /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules
  when: find_fremovexattr.matched == 0

- name: Use matched file as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files:
      - "{{ find_fremovexattr.files | map(attribute='path') | list | first }}"
  when: find_fremovexattr.matched > 0

- name: Inserts/replaces the fremovexattr rule in rules.d when on x86
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fremovexattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27179-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000190

- name: Inserts/replaces the fremovexattr rule in rules.d when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fremovexattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27179-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000190
#    
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules
#
- name: Inserts/replaces the fremovexattr rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules when on x86
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fremovexattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27179-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000190

- name: Inserts/replaces the fremovexattr rule in audit.rules when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
    create: yes
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fremovexattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27179-1
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000190

Rule   Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - fchownat   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchownat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchownat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod

Rationale:

The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_dac_modification_fchownat
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.5.5, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50355r3_rule





# Perform the remediation for the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in ${RULE_ARCHS[@]}
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S .* -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k *"
	GROUP="chown"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S chown -S fchown -S fchownat -S lchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:true
Strategy:restrict

#
# What architecture are we on?
#
- name: Set architecture for audit fchownat tasks
  set_fact:
    audit_arch: "b{{ ansible_architecture | regex_replace('.*(\\d\\d$)','\\1') }}"

#
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/rules.d
#
- name: Search /etc/audit/rules.d for other DAC audit rules
  find:
    paths: "/etc/audit/rules.d"
    recurse: no
    contains: "-F key=perm_mod$"
    patterns: "*.rules"
  register: find_fchownat

- name: If existing DAC ruleset not found, use /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files: 
      - /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules
  when: find_fchownat.matched == 0

- name: Use matched file as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files:
      - "{{ find_fchownat.files | map(attribute='path') | list | first }}"
  when: find_fchownat.matched > 0

- name: Inserts/replaces the fchownat rule in rules.d when on x86
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchownat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fchownat
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27178-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000189

- name: Inserts/replaces the fchownat rule in rules.d when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchownat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fchownat
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27178-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000189
#    
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules
#
- name: Inserts/replaces the fchownat rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules when on x86
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchownat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fchownat
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27178-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000189

- name: Inserts/replaces the fchownat rule in audit.rules when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
    create: yes
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchownat -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fchownat
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27178-3
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000189

Rule   Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - fchmod   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchmod -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchmod -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod

Rationale:

The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_dac_modification_fchmod
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.5.5, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50348r3_rule





# Perform the remediation for the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S .* -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k *"
	GROUP="chmod"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S chmod -S fchmod -S fchmodat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:true
Strategy:restrict

#
# What architecture are we on?
#
- name: Set architecture for audit fchmod tasks
  set_fact:
    audit_arch: "b{{ ansible_architecture | regex_replace('.*(\\d\\d$)','\\1') }}"

#
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/rules.d
#
- name: Search /etc/audit/rules.d for other DAC audit rules
  find:
    paths: "/etc/audit/rules.d"
    recurse: no
    contains: "-F key=perm_mod$"
    patterns: "*.rules"
  register: find_fchmod

- name: If existing DAC ruleset not found, use /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files: 
      - /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules
  when: find_fchmod.matched == 0

- name: Use matched file as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files:
      - "{{ find_fchmod.files | map(attribute='path') | list | first }}"
  when: find_fchmod.matched > 0

- name: Inserts/replaces the fchmod rule in rules.d when on x86
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchmod -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fchmod
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27174-2
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000186

- name: Inserts/replaces the fchmod rule in rules.d when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchmod -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fchmod
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27174-2
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000186
#    
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules
#
- name: Inserts/replaces the fchmod rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules when on x86
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchmod -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fchmod
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27174-2
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000186

- name: Inserts/replaces the fchmod rule in audit.rules when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
    create: yes
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchmod -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_fchmod
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27174-2
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000186

Rule   Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - lchown   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S lchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S lchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod

Rationale:

The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_dac_modification_lchown
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.5.5, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50359r3_rule





# Perform the remediation for the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in ${RULE_ARCHS[@]}
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S .* -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k *"
	GROUP="chown"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S chown -S fchown -S fchownat -S lchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:true
Strategy:restrict

#
# What architecture are we on?
#
- name: Set architecture for audit lchown tasks
  set_fact:
    audit_arch: "b{{ ansible_architecture | regex_replace('.*(\\d\\d$)','\\1') }}"

#
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/rules.d
#
- name: Search /etc/audit/rules.d for other DAC audit rules
  find:
    paths: "/etc/audit/rules.d"
    recurse: no
    contains: "-F key=perm_mod$"
    patterns: "*.rules"
  register: find_lchown

- name: If existing DAC ruleset not found, use /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files: 
      - /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules
  when: find_lchown.matched == 0

- name: Use matched file as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files:
      - "{{ find_lchown.files | map(attribute='path') | list | first }}"
  when: find_lchown.matched > 0

- name: Inserts/replaces the lchown rule in rules.d when on x86
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S lchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_lchown
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27181-7
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000192

- name: Inserts/replaces the lchown rule in rules.d when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S lchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_lchown
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27181-7
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000192
#    
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules
#
- name: Inserts/replaces the lchown rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules when on x86
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S lchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_lchown
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27181-7
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000192

- name: Inserts/replaces the lchown rule in audit.rules when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
    create: yes
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S lchown -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_lchown
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27181-7
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000192

Rule   Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - lremovexattr   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S lremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S lremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod

Rationale:

The changing of file permissions could indicate that a user is attempting to gain access to information that would otherwise be disallowed. Auditing DAC modifications can facilitate the identification of patterns of abuse among both authorized and unauthorized users.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_dac_modification_lremovexattr
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.5.5, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50360r3_rule





# Perform the remediation for the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit .* -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k *"
	GROUP="xattr"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=${ARCH} -S setxattr -S lsetxattr -S fsetxattr -S removexattr -S lremovexattr -S fremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k perm_mod"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:true
Strategy:restrict

#
# What architecture are we on?
#
- name: Set architecture for audit lremovexattr tasks
  set_fact:
    audit_arch: "b{{ ansible_architecture | regex_replace('.*(\\d\\d$)','\\1') }}"

#
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/rules.d
#
- name: Search /etc/audit/rules.d for other DAC audit rules
  find:
    paths: "/etc/audit/rules.d"
    recurse: no
    contains: "-F key=perm_mod$"
    patterns: "*.rules"
  register: find_lremovexattr

- name: If existing DAC ruleset not found, use /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files: 
      - /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules
  when: find_lremovexattr.matched == 0

- name: Use matched file as the recipient for the rule
  set_fact:
    all_files:
      - "{{ find_lremovexattr.files | map(attribute='path') | list | first }}"
  when: find_lremovexattr.matched > 0

- name: Inserts/replaces the lremovexattr rule in rules.d when on x86
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S lremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_lremovexattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27182-5
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000193

- name: Inserts/replaces the lremovexattr rule in rules.d when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ all_files[0] }}"
    line: "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S lremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
    create: yes
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_lremovexattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27182-5
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000193
#    
# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules
#
- name: Inserts/replaces the lremovexattr rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules when on x86
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S lremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_lremovexattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27182-5
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000193

- name: Inserts/replaces the lremovexattr rule in audit.rules when on x86_64
  lineinfile:
    line: "{{ item }}"
    state: present
    dest: /etc/audit/audit.rules
    create: yes
  with_items:
    - "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S lremovexattr -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=perm_mod"
  when: audit_arch == 'b64'
  tags:
    - audit_rules_dac_modification_lremovexattr
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27182-5
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.5.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000193
Group   Records Events that Modify Date and Time Information   Group contains 5 rules

[ref]   Arbitrary changes to the system time can be used to obfuscate nefarious activities in log files, as well as to confuse network services that are highly dependent upon an accurate system time. All changes to the system time should be audited.

Rule   Record Attempts to Alter Time Through stime   [ref]

Add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules for both 32-bit and 64-bit systems:

# audit_time_rules
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S stime -k audit_time_rules
Since the 64-bit version of the "stime" system call is not defined in the audit lookup table, the corresponding "-F arch=b64" form of this rule is not expected to be defined on 64-bit systems (the aforementioned "-F arch=b32" stime rule form itself is sufficient for both 32-bit and 64-bit systems). The -k option allows for the specification of a key in string form that can be used for better reporting capability through ausearch and aureport. Multiple system calls can be defined on the same line to save space if desired, but is not required. See an example of multiple combined syscalls:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -k audit_time_rules

Rationale:

Arbitrary changes to the system time can be used to obfuscate nefarious activities in log files, as well as to confuse network services that are highly dependent upon an accurate system time (such as sshd). All changes to the system time should be audited.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_time_stime
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001487, CCI-000169, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.4.2.b, SRG-OS-000062, SV-50326r4_rule



# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}


# Perform the remediation for the 'adjtimex', 'settimeofday', and 'stime' audit
# system calls on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 OS
function rhel6_perform_audit_adjtimex_settimeofday_stime_remediation {

# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit -F arch=${ARCH} -S .* -k *"
	# Create expected audit group and audit rule form for particular system call & architecture
	if [ ${ARCH} = "b32" ]
	then
		# stime system call is known at 32-bit arch (see e.g "$ ausyscall i386 stime" 's output)
		# so append it to the list of time group system calls to be audited
		GROUP="\(adjtimex\|settimeofday\|stime\)"
		FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=${ARCH} -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -S stime -k audit_time_rules"
	elif [ ${ARCH} = "b64" ]
	then
		# stime system call isn't known at 64-bit arch (see "$ ausyscall x86_64 stime" 's output)
		# therefore don't add it to the list of time group system calls to be audited
		GROUP="\(adjtimex\|settimeofday\)"
		FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=${ARCH} -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -k audit_time_rules"
	fi
	# Perform the remediation itself
	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done

}

rhel6_perform_audit_adjtimex_settimeofday_stime_remediation

Rule   Record attempts to alter time through settimeofday   [ref]

On a 32-bit system, add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

# audit_time_rules
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S settimeofday -k audit_time_rules
On a 64-bit system, add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:
# audit_time_rules
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S settimeofday -k audit_time_rules
The -k option allows for the specification of a key in string form that can be used for better reporting capability through ausearch and aureport. Multiple system calls can be defined on the same line to save space if desired, but is not required. See an example of multiple combined syscalls:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -k audit_time_rules

Rationale:

Arbitrary changes to the system time can be used to obfuscate nefarious activities in log files, as well as to confuse network services that are highly dependent upon an accurate system time (such as sshd). All changes to the system time should be audited.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_time_settimeofday
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001487, CCI-000169, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.4.2.b, SRG-OS-000062, SV-50323r3_rule



# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}


# Perform the remediation for the 'adjtimex', 'settimeofday', and 'stime' audit
# system calls on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 OS
function rhel6_perform_audit_adjtimex_settimeofday_stime_remediation {

# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit -F arch=${ARCH} -S .* -k *"
	# Create expected audit group and audit rule form for particular system call & architecture
	if [ ${ARCH} = "b32" ]
	then
		# stime system call is known at 32-bit arch (see e.g "$ ausyscall i386 stime" 's output)
		# so append it to the list of time group system calls to be audited
		GROUP="\(adjtimex\|settimeofday\|stime\)"
		FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=${ARCH} -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -S stime -k audit_time_rules"
	elif [ ${ARCH} = "b64" ]
	then
		# stime system call isn't known at 64-bit arch (see "$ ausyscall x86_64 stime" 's output)
		# therefore don't add it to the list of time group system calls to be audited
		GROUP="\(adjtimex\|settimeofday\)"
		FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=${ARCH} -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -k audit_time_rules"
	fi
	# Perform the remediation itself
	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done

}

rhel6_perform_audit_adjtimex_settimeofday_stime_remediation

Rule   Record Attempts to Alter the localtime File   [ref]

Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-w /etc/localtime -p wa -k audit_time_rules
The -k option allows for the specification of a key in string form that can be used for better reporting capability through ausearch and aureport and should always be used.

Rationale:

Arbitrary changes to the system time can be used to obfuscate nefarious activities in log files, as well as to confuse network services that are highly dependent upon an accurate system time (such as sshd). All changes to the system time should be audited.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_time_watch_localtime
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001487, CCI-000169, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.4.2.b, SRG-OS-000062, SV-50331r2_rule





# Perform the remediation
# Function to fix audit file system object watch rule for given path:
# * if rule exists, also verifies the -w bits match the requirements
# * if rule doesn't exist yet, appends expected rule form to $files_to_inspect
#   audit rules file, depending on the tool which was used to load audit rules
#
# Expects four arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules'
# * path                        	value of -w audit rule's argument
# * required access bits        	value of -p audit rule's argument
# * key                         	value of -k audit rule's argument
#
# Example call:
#
#       fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/localtime" "wa" "audit_time_rules"
#
function fix_audit_watch_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local path="$2"
local required_access_bits="$3"
local key="$4"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "4" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_watch_rule 'tool' 'path' 'bits' 'key'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tool used to load audit rules	| Rule already defined	|  Audit rules file to inspect	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#	auditctl		|     Doesn't matter	|  /etc/audit/audit.rules	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 	augenrules		|          Yes		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules	  |
# 	augenrules		|          No		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
declare -a files_to_inspect

# Check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	exit 1
# If the audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# into the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules')
# If the audit is 'augenrules', then check if rule is already defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to list of files for inspection.
# If rule isn't defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to list of files for inspection.
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Case when particular audit rule is already defined in some of /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file
	# Get pair -- filepath : matching_row into @matches array
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(grep -P "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	# For each of the matched entries
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		# Extract filepath from the match
		rulesd_audit_file=$(echo $match | cut -f1 -d ':')
		# Append that path into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "$rulesd_audit_file")
	done
	# Case when particular audit rule isn't defined yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		# Append '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		# If the $key.rules file doesn't exist yet, create it with correct permissions
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

# Finally perform the inspection and possible subsequent audit rule
# correction for each of the files previously identified for inspection
for audit_rules_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Check if audit watch file system object rule for given path already present
	if grep -q -P -- "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" "$audit_rules_file"
	then
		# Rule is found => verify yet if existing rule definition contains
		# all of the required access type bits

		# Escape slashes in path for use in sed pattern below
		local esc_path=${path//$'/'/$'\/'}
		# Define BRE whitespace class shortcut
		local sp="[[:space:]]"
		# Extract current permission access types (e.g. -p [r|w|x|a] values) from audit rule
		current_access_bits=$(sed -ne "s/$sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\).*/\1/p" "$audit_rules_file")
		# Split required access bits string into characters array
		# (to check bit's presence for one bit at a time)
		for access_bit in $(echo "$required_access_bits" | grep -o .)
		do
			# For each from the required access bits (e.g. 'w', 'a') check
			# if they are already present in current access bits for rule.
			# If not, append that bit at the end
			if ! grep -q "$access_bit" <<< "$current_access_bits"
			then
				# Concatenate the existing mask with the missing bit
				current_access_bits="$current_access_bits$access_bit"
			fi
		done
		# Propagate the updated rule's access bits (original + the required
		# ones) back into the /etc/audit/audit.rules file for that rule
		sed -i "s/\($sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\)\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\)\(.*\)/\1$current_access_bits\3/" "$audit_rules_file"
	else
		# Rule isn't present yet. Append it at the end of $audit_rules_file file
		# with proper key

		echo "-w $path -p $required_access_bits -k $key" >> "$audit_rules_file"
	fi
done
}

fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/localtime" "wa" "audit_time_rules"

Rule   Record Attempts to Alter Time Through clock_settime   [ref]

On a 32-bit system, add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

# time-change
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S clock_settime -F a0=0x0 -F key=time-change
On a 64-bit system, add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:
# time-change
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S clock_settime -F a0=0x0 -F key=time-change
The -k option allows for the specification of a key in string form that can be used for better reporting capability through ausearch and aureport. Multiple system calls can be defined on the same line to save space if desired, but is not required. See an example of multiple combined syscalls:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -k audit_time_rules

Rationale:

Arbitrary changes to the system time can be used to obfuscate nefarious activities in log files, as well as to confuse network services that are highly dependent upon an accurate system time (such as sshd). All changes to the system time should be audited.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_time_clock_settime
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001487, CCI-000169, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.4.2.b, SRG-OS-000062, SV-50328r3_rule





# First perform the remediation of the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ "$(getconf LONG_BIT)" = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S clock_settime -F a0=.* \(-F key=\|-k \).*"
	GROUP="clock_settime"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S clock_settime -F a0=0x0 -k time-change"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done

Rule   Record attempts to alter time through adjtimex   [ref]

On a 32-bit system, add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

# audit_time_rules
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S adjtimex -k audit_time_rules
On a 64-bit system, add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:
# audit_time_rules
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex -k audit_time_rules
The -k option allows for the specification of a key in string form that can be used for better reporting capability through ausearch and aureport. Multiple system calls can be defined on the same line to save space if desired, but is not required. See an example of multiple combined syscalls:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -k audit_time_rules

Rationale:

Arbitrary changes to the system time can be used to obfuscate nefarious activities in log files, as well as to confuse network services that are highly dependent upon an accurate system time (such as sshd). All changes to the system time should be audited.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_time_adjtimex
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001487, CCI-000169, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.4.2.b, SRG-OS-000062



# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}


# Perform the remediation for the 'adjtimex', 'settimeofday', and 'stime' audit
# system calls on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 OS
function rhel6_perform_audit_adjtimex_settimeofday_stime_remediation {

# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit -F arch=${ARCH} -S .* -k *"
	# Create expected audit group and audit rule form for particular system call & architecture
	if [ ${ARCH} = "b32" ]
	then
		# stime system call is known at 32-bit arch (see e.g "$ ausyscall i386 stime" 's output)
		# so append it to the list of time group system calls to be audited
		GROUP="\(adjtimex\|settimeofday\|stime\)"
		FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=${ARCH} -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -S stime -k audit_time_rules"
	elif [ ${ARCH} = "b64" ]
	then
		# stime system call isn't known at 64-bit arch (see "$ ausyscall x86_64 stime" 's output)
		# therefore don't add it to the list of time group system calls to be audited
		GROUP="\(adjtimex\|settimeofday\)"
		FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=${ARCH} -S adjtimex -S settimeofday -k audit_time_rules"
	fi
	# Perform the remediation itself
	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done

}

rhel6_perform_audit_adjtimex_settimeofday_stime_remediation

Rule   Record Attempts to Alter Process and Session Initiation Information   [ref]

The audit system already collects process information for all users and root. To watch for attempted manual edits of files involved in storing such process information, add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-w /var/run/utmp -p wa -k session
-w /var/log/btmp -p wa -k session
-w /var/log/wtmp -p wa -k session

Rationale:

Manual editing of these files may indicate nefarious activity, such as an attacker attempting to remove evidence of an intrusion.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_session_events
Identifiers and References

References:  AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.2.3





# Perform the remediation
# Function to fix audit file system object watch rule for given path:
# * if rule exists, also verifies the -w bits match the requirements
# * if rule doesn't exist yet, appends expected rule form to $files_to_inspect
#   audit rules file, depending on the tool which was used to load audit rules
#
# Expects four arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules'
# * path                        	value of -w audit rule's argument
# * required access bits        	value of -p audit rule's argument
# * key                         	value of -k audit rule's argument
#
# Example call:
#
#       fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/localtime" "wa" "audit_time_rules"
#
function fix_audit_watch_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local path="$2"
local required_access_bits="$3"
local key="$4"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "4" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_watch_rule 'tool' 'path' 'bits' 'key'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tool used to load audit rules	| Rule already defined	|  Audit rules file to inspect	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#	auditctl		|     Doesn't matter	|  /etc/audit/audit.rules	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 	augenrules		|          Yes		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules	  |
# 	augenrules		|          No		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
declare -a files_to_inspect

# Check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	exit 1
# If the audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# into the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules')
# If the audit is 'augenrules', then check if rule is already defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to list of files for inspection.
# If rule isn't defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to list of files for inspection.
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Case when particular audit rule is already defined in some of /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file
	# Get pair -- filepath : matching_row into @matches array
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(grep -P "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	# For each of the matched entries
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		# Extract filepath from the match
		rulesd_audit_file=$(echo $match | cut -f1 -d ':')
		# Append that path into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "$rulesd_audit_file")
	done
	# Case when particular audit rule isn't defined yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		# Append '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		# If the $key.rules file doesn't exist yet, create it with correct permissions
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

# Finally perform the inspection and possible subsequent audit rule
# correction for each of the files previously identified for inspection
for audit_rules_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Check if audit watch file system object rule for given path already present
	if grep -q -P -- "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" "$audit_rules_file"
	then
		# Rule is found => verify yet if existing rule definition contains
		# all of the required access type bits

		# Escape slashes in path for use in sed pattern below
		local esc_path=${path//$'/'/$'\/'}
		# Define BRE whitespace class shortcut
		local sp="[[:space:]]"
		# Extract current permission access types (e.g. -p [r|w|x|a] values) from audit rule
		current_access_bits=$(sed -ne "s/$sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\).*/\1/p" "$audit_rules_file")
		# Split required access bits string into characters array
		# (to check bit's presence for one bit at a time)
		for access_bit in $(echo "$required_access_bits" | grep -o .)
		do
			# For each from the required access bits (e.g. 'w', 'a') check
			# if they are already present in current access bits for rule.
			# If not, append that bit at the end
			if ! grep -q "$access_bit" <<< "$current_access_bits"
			then
				# Concatenate the existing mask with the missing bit
				current_access_bits="$current_access_bits$access_bit"
			fi
		done
		# Propagate the updated rule's access bits (original + the required
		# ones) back into the /etc/audit/audit.rules file for that rule
		sed -i "s/\($sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\)\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\)\(.*\)/\1$current_access_bits\3/" "$audit_rules_file"
	else
		# Rule isn't present yet. Append it at the end of $audit_rules_file file
		# with proper key

		echo "-w $path -p $required_access_bits -k $key" >> "$audit_rules_file"
	fi
done
}

fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/var/run/utmp" "wa" "session"
fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/var/log/btmp" "wa" "session"
# Function to fix audit file system object watch rule for given path:
# * if rule exists, also verifies the -w bits match the requirements
# * if rule doesn't exist yet, appends expected rule form to $files_to_inspect
#   audit rules file, depending on the tool which was used to load audit rules
#
# Expects four arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules'
# * path                        	value of -w audit rule's argument
# * required access bits        	value of -p audit rule's argument
# * key                         	value of -k audit rule's argument
#
# Example call:
#
#       fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/localtime" "wa" "audit_time_rules"
#
function fix_audit_watch_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local path="$2"
local required_access_bits="$3"
local key="$4"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "4" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_watch_rule 'tool' 'path' 'bits' 'key'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tool used to load audit rules	| Rule already defined	|  Audit rules file to inspect	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#	auditctl		|     Doesn't matter	|  /etc/audit/audit.rules	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 	augenrules		|          Yes		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules	  |
# 	augenrules		|          No		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
declare -a files_to_inspect

# Check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	exit 1
# If the audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# into the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules')
# If the audit is 'augenrules', then check if rule is already defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to list of files for inspection.
# If rule isn't defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to list of files for inspection.
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Case when particular audit rule is already defined in some of /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file
	# Get pair -- filepath : matching_row into @matches array
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(grep -P "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	# For each of the matched entries
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		# Extract filepath from the match
		rulesd_audit_file=$(echo $match | cut -f1 -d ':')
		# Append that path into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "$rulesd_audit_file")
	done
	# Case when particular audit rule isn't defined yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		# Append '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		# If the $key.rules file doesn't exist yet, create it with correct permissions
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

# Finally perform the inspection and possible subsequent audit rule
# correction for each of the files previously identified for inspection
for audit_rules_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Check if audit watch file system object rule for given path already present
	if grep -q -P -- "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" "$audit_rules_file"
	then
		# Rule is found => verify yet if existing rule definition contains
		# all of the required access type bits

		# Escape slashes in path for use in sed pattern below
		local esc_path=${path//$'/'/$'\/'}
		# Define BRE whitespace class shortcut
		local sp="[[:space:]]"
		# Extract current permission access types (e.g. -p [r|w|x|a] values) from audit rule
		current_access_bits=$(sed -ne "s/$sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\).*/\1/p" "$audit_rules_file")
		# Split required access bits string into characters array
		# (to check bit's presence for one bit at a time)
		for access_bit in $(echo "$required_access_bits" | grep -o .)
		do
			# For each from the required access bits (e.g. 'w', 'a') check
			# if they are already present in current access bits for rule.
			# If not, append that bit at the end
			if ! grep -q "$access_bit" <<< "$current_access_bits"
			then
				# Concatenate the existing mask with the missing bit
				current_access_bits="$current_access_bits$access_bit"
			fi
		done
		# Propagate the updated rule's access bits (original + the required
		# ones) back into the /etc/audit/audit.rules file for that rule
		sed -i "s/\($sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\)\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\)\(.*\)/\1$current_access_bits\3/" "$audit_rules_file"
	else
		# Rule isn't present yet. Append it at the end of $audit_rules_file file
		# with proper key

		echo "-w $path -p $required_access_bits -k $key" >> "$audit_rules_file"
	fi
done
}

fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/var/log/wtmp" "wa" "session"

Rule   Ensure auditd Collects File Deletion Events by User   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect file deletion events for all users and root. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules, setting ARCH to either b32 or b64 as appropriate for your system:

-a always,exit -F arch=ARCH -S rmdir -S unlink -S unlinkat -S rename -S renameat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k delete

Rationale:

Auditing file deletions will create an audit trail for files that are removed from the system. The audit trail could aid in system troubleshooting, as well as, detecting malicious processes that attempt to delete log files to conceal their presence.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_file_deletion_events
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.2.2, Req-10.2.5.b, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50376r4_rule





# Perform the remediation for the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in ${RULE_ARCHS[@]}
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S .* -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k delete"
	# Use escaped BRE regex to specify rule group
	GROUP="\(rmdir\|unlink\|rename\)"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S rmdir -S unlink -S unlinkat -S rename -S renameat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k delete"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done

Rule   System Audit Logs Must Have Mode 0640 or Less Permissive   [ref]

If log_group in /etc/audit/auditd.conf is set to a group other than the root group account, change the mode of the audit log files with the following command:

$ sudo chmod 0640 audit_file

Otherwise, change the mode of the audit log files with the following command:
$ sudo chmod 0600 audit_file

Rationale:

If users can write to audit logs, audit trails can be modified or destroyed.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_permissions_var_log_audit
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000166, AC-6, AU-1(b), AU-9, IR-5, Req-10.5, SRG-OS-000058, SV-50299r1_rule




if `grep -q ^log_group /etc/audit/auditd.conf` ; then
  GROUP=$(awk -F "=" '/log_group/ {print $2}' /etc/audit/auditd.conf | tr -d ' ')
  if ! [ "${GROUP}" == 'root' ] ; then
    chmod 0640 /var/log/audit/audit.log
    chmod 0440 /var/log/audit/audit.log.*
  else
    chmod 0600 /var/log/audit/audit.log
    chmod 0400 /var/log/audit/audit.log.*
  fi

  chmod 0640 /etc/audit/audit*
  chmod 0640 /etc/audit/rules.d/*
else
  chmod 0600 /var/log/audit/audit.log
  chmod 0400 /var/log/audit/audit.log.*
  chmod 0640 /etc/audit/audit*
  chmod 0640 /etc/audit/rules.d/*
fi

Rule   Record Events that Modify the System's Network Environment   [ref]

Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules, setting ARCH to either b32 or b64 as appropriate for your system:

# audit_rules_networkconfig_modification
-a always,exit -F arch=ARCH -S sethostname -S setdomainname -k audit_rules_networkconfig_modification
-w /etc/issue -p wa -k audit_rules_networkconfig_modification
-w /etc/issue.net -p wa -k audit_rules_networkconfig_modification
-w /etc/hosts -p wa -k audit_rules_networkconfig_modification
-w /etc/sysconfig/network -p wa -k audit_rules_networkconfig_modification

Rationale:

The network environment should not be modified by anything other than administrator action. Any change to network parameters should be audited.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_networkconfig_modification
Identifiers and References

References:  AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.5.5, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50341r4_rule





# First perform the remediation of the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S .* -k *"
	# Use escaped BRE regex to specify rule group
	GROUP="set\(host\|domain\)name"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S sethostname -S setdomainname -k audit_rules_networkconfig_modification"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done

# Then perform the remediations for the watch rules
# Function to fix audit file system object watch rule for given path:
# * if rule exists, also verifies the -w bits match the requirements
# * if rule doesn't exist yet, appends expected rule form to $files_to_inspect
#   audit rules file, depending on the tool which was used to load audit rules
#
# Expects four arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules'
# * path                        	value of -w audit rule's argument
# * required access bits        	value of -p audit rule's argument
# * key                         	value of -k audit rule's argument
#
# Example call:
#
#       fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/localtime" "wa" "audit_time_rules"
#
function fix_audit_watch_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local path="$2"
local required_access_bits="$3"
local key="$4"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "4" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_watch_rule 'tool' 'path' 'bits' 'key'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tool used to load audit rules	| Rule already defined	|  Audit rules file to inspect	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#	auditctl		|     Doesn't matter	|  /etc/audit/audit.rules	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 	augenrules		|          Yes		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules	  |
# 	augenrules		|          No		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
declare -a files_to_inspect

# Check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	exit 1
# If the audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# into the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules')
# If the audit is 'augenrules', then check if rule is already defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to list of files for inspection.
# If rule isn't defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to list of files for inspection.
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Case when particular audit rule is already defined in some of /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file
	# Get pair -- filepath : matching_row into @matches array
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(grep -P "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	# For each of the matched entries
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		# Extract filepath from the match
		rulesd_audit_file=$(echo $match | cut -f1 -d ':')
		# Append that path into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "$rulesd_audit_file")
	done
	# Case when particular audit rule isn't defined yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		# Append '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		# If the $key.rules file doesn't exist yet, create it with correct permissions
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

# Finally perform the inspection and possible subsequent audit rule
# correction for each of the files previously identified for inspection
for audit_rules_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Check if audit watch file system object rule for given path already present
	if grep -q -P -- "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" "$audit_rules_file"
	then
		# Rule is found => verify yet if existing rule definition contains
		# all of the required access type bits

		# Escape slashes in path for use in sed pattern below
		local esc_path=${path//$'/'/$'\/'}
		# Define BRE whitespace class shortcut
		local sp="[[:space:]]"
		# Extract current permission access types (e.g. -p [r|w|x|a] values) from audit rule
		current_access_bits=$(sed -ne "s/$sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\).*/\1/p" "$audit_rules_file")
		# Split required access bits string into characters array
		# (to check bit's presence for one bit at a time)
		for access_bit in $(echo "$required_access_bits" | grep -o .)
		do
			# For each from the required access bits (e.g. 'w', 'a') check
			# if they are already present in current access bits for rule.
			# If not, append that bit at the end
			if ! grep -q "$access_bit" <<< "$current_access_bits"
			then
				# Concatenate the existing mask with the missing bit
				current_access_bits="$current_access_bits$access_bit"
			fi
		done
		# Propagate the updated rule's access bits (original + the required
		# ones) back into the /etc/audit/audit.rules file for that rule
		sed -i "s/\($sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\)\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\)\(.*\)/\1$current_access_bits\3/" "$audit_rules_file"
	else
		# Rule isn't present yet. Append it at the end of $audit_rules_file file
		# with proper key

		echo "-w $path -p $required_access_bits -k $key" >> "$audit_rules_file"
	fi
done
}

fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/issue" "wa" "audit_rules_networkconfig_modification"
fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/issue.net" "wa" "audit_rules_networkconfig_modification"
# Function to fix audit file system object watch rule for given path:
# * if rule exists, also verifies the -w bits match the requirements
# * if rule doesn't exist yet, appends expected rule form to $files_to_inspect
#   audit rules file, depending on the tool which was used to load audit rules
#
# Expects four arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules'
# * path                        	value of -w audit rule's argument
# * required access bits        	value of -p audit rule's argument
# * key                         	value of -k audit rule's argument
#
# Example call:
#
#       fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/localtime" "wa" "audit_time_rules"
#
function fix_audit_watch_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local path="$2"
local required_access_bits="$3"
local key="$4"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "4" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_watch_rule 'tool' 'path' 'bits' 'key'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tool used to load audit rules	| Rule already defined	|  Audit rules file to inspect	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#	auditctl		|     Doesn't matter	|  /etc/audit/audit.rules	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 	augenrules		|          Yes		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules	  |
# 	augenrules		|          No		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
declare -a files_to_inspect

# Check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	exit 1
# If the audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# into the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules')
# If the audit is 'augenrules', then check if rule is already defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to list of files for inspection.
# If rule isn't defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to list of files for inspection.
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Case when particular audit rule is already defined in some of /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file
	# Get pair -- filepath : matching_row into @matches array
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(grep -P "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	# For each of the matched entries
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		# Extract filepath from the match
		rulesd_audit_file=$(echo $match | cut -f1 -d ':')
		# Append that path into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "$rulesd_audit_file")
	done
	# Case when particular audit rule isn't defined yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		# Append '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		# If the $key.rules file doesn't exist yet, create it with correct permissions
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

# Finally perform the inspection and possible subsequent audit rule
# correction for each of the files previously identified for inspection
for audit_rules_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Check if audit watch file system object rule for given path already present
	if grep -q -P -- "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" "$audit_rules_file"
	then
		# Rule is found => verify yet if existing rule definition contains
		# all of the required access type bits

		# Escape slashes in path for use in sed pattern below
		local esc_path=${path//$'/'/$'\/'}
		# Define BRE whitespace class shortcut
		local sp="[[:space:]]"
		# Extract current permission access types (e.g. -p [r|w|x|a] values) from audit rule
		current_access_bits=$(sed -ne "s/$sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\).*/\1/p" "$audit_rules_file")
		# Split required access bits string into characters array
		# (to check bit's presence for one bit at a time)
		for access_bit in $(echo "$required_access_bits" | grep -o .)
		do
			# For each from the required access bits (e.g. 'w', 'a') check
			# if they are already present in current access bits for rule.
			# If not, append that bit at the end
			if ! grep -q "$access_bit" <<< "$current_access_bits"
			then
				# Concatenate the existing mask with the missing bit
				current_access_bits="$current_access_bits$access_bit"
			fi
		done
		# Propagate the updated rule's access bits (original + the required
		# ones) back into the /etc/audit/audit.rules file for that rule
		sed -i "s/\($sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\)\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\)\(.*\)/\1$current_access_bits\3/" "$audit_rules_file"
	else
		# Rule isn't present yet. Append it at the end of $audit_rules_file file
		# with proper key

		echo "-w $path -p $required_access_bits -k $key" >> "$audit_rules_file"
	fi
done
}

fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/hosts" "wa" "audit_rules_networkconfig_modification"
fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/sysconfig/network" "wa" "audit_rules_networkconfig_modification"

Rule   Record Events that Modify User/Group Information   [ref]

Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules, in order to capture events that modify account changes:

# audit_rules_usergroup_modification
-w /etc/group -p wa -k audit_rules_usergroup_modification
-w /etc/passwd -p wa -k audit_rules_usergroup_modification
-w /etc/gshadow -p wa -k audit_rules_usergroup_modification
-w /etc/shadow -p wa -k audit_rules_usergroup_modification
-w /etc/security/opasswd -p wa -k audit_rules_usergroup_modification

Rationale:

In addition to auditing new user and group accounts, these watches will alert the system administrator(s) to any modifications. Any unexpected users, groups, or modifications should be investigated for legitimacy.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_usergroup_modification
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000018, CCI-001403, CCI-001404, CCI-001405, CCI-001684, CCI-001683, CCI-001685, CCI-001686, AC-2(4), AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.2.5, SRG-OS-000004, SRG-OS-000239, SRG-OS-000240, SRG-OS-000241, SV-50332r2_rule





# Perform the remediation
# Function to fix audit file system object watch rule for given path:
# * if rule exists, also verifies the -w bits match the requirements
# * if rule doesn't exist yet, appends expected rule form to $files_to_inspect
#   audit rules file, depending on the tool which was used to load audit rules
#
# Expects four arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules'
# * path                        	value of -w audit rule's argument
# * required access bits        	value of -p audit rule's argument
# * key                         	value of -k audit rule's argument
#
# Example call:
#
#       fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/localtime" "wa" "audit_time_rules"
#
function fix_audit_watch_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local path="$2"
local required_access_bits="$3"
local key="$4"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "4" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_watch_rule 'tool' 'path' 'bits' 'key'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tool used to load audit rules	| Rule already defined	|  Audit rules file to inspect	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#	auditctl		|     Doesn't matter	|  /etc/audit/audit.rules	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 	augenrules		|          Yes		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules	  |
# 	augenrules		|          No		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
declare -a files_to_inspect

# Check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	exit 1
# If the audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# into the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules')
# If the audit is 'augenrules', then check if rule is already defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to list of files for inspection.
# If rule isn't defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to list of files for inspection.
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Case when particular audit rule is already defined in some of /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file
	# Get pair -- filepath : matching_row into @matches array
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(grep -P "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	# For each of the matched entries
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		# Extract filepath from the match
		rulesd_audit_file=$(echo $match | cut -f1 -d ':')
		# Append that path into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "$rulesd_audit_file")
	done
	# Case when particular audit rule isn't defined yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		# Append '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		# If the $key.rules file doesn't exist yet, create it with correct permissions
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

# Finally perform the inspection and possible subsequent audit rule
# correction for each of the files previously identified for inspection
for audit_rules_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Check if audit watch file system object rule for given path already present
	if grep -q -P -- "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" "$audit_rules_file"
	then
		# Rule is found => verify yet if existing rule definition contains
		# all of the required access type bits

		# Escape slashes in path for use in sed pattern below
		local esc_path=${path//$'/'/$'\/'}
		# Define BRE whitespace class shortcut
		local sp="[[:space:]]"
		# Extract current permission access types (e.g. -p [r|w|x|a] values) from audit rule
		current_access_bits=$(sed -ne "s/$sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\).*/\1/p" "$audit_rules_file")
		# Split required access bits string into characters array
		# (to check bit's presence for one bit at a time)
		for access_bit in $(echo "$required_access_bits" | grep -o .)
		do
			# For each from the required access bits (e.g. 'w', 'a') check
			# if they are already present in current access bits for rule.
			# If not, append that bit at the end
			if ! grep -q "$access_bit" <<< "$current_access_bits"
			then
				# Concatenate the existing mask with the missing bit
				current_access_bits="$current_access_bits$access_bit"
			fi
		done
		# Propagate the updated rule's access bits (original + the required
		# ones) back into the /etc/audit/audit.rules file for that rule
		sed -i "s/\($sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\)\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\)\(.*\)/\1$current_access_bits\3/" "$audit_rules_file"
	else
		# Rule isn't present yet. Append it at the end of $audit_rules_file file
		# with proper key

		echo "-w $path -p $required_access_bits -k $key" >> "$audit_rules_file"
	fi
done
}

fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/group" "wa" "audit_rules_usergroup_modification"
fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/passwd" "wa" "audit_rules_usergroup_modification"
# Function to fix audit file system object watch rule for given path:
# * if rule exists, also verifies the -w bits match the requirements
# * if rule doesn't exist yet, appends expected rule form to $files_to_inspect
#   audit rules file, depending on the tool which was used to load audit rules
#
# Expects four arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules'
# * path                        	value of -w audit rule's argument
# * required access bits        	value of -p audit rule's argument
# * key                         	value of -k audit rule's argument
#
# Example call:
#
#       fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/localtime" "wa" "audit_time_rules"
#
function fix_audit_watch_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local path="$2"
local required_access_bits="$3"
local key="$4"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "4" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_watch_rule 'tool' 'path' 'bits' 'key'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tool used to load audit rules	| Rule already defined	|  Audit rules file to inspect	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#	auditctl		|     Doesn't matter	|  /etc/audit/audit.rules	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 	augenrules		|          Yes		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules	  |
# 	augenrules		|          No		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
declare -a files_to_inspect

# Check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	exit 1
# If the audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# into the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules')
# If the audit is 'augenrules', then check if rule is already defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to list of files for inspection.
# If rule isn't defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to list of files for inspection.
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Case when particular audit rule is already defined in some of /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file
	# Get pair -- filepath : matching_row into @matches array
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(grep -P "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	# For each of the matched entries
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		# Extract filepath from the match
		rulesd_audit_file=$(echo $match | cut -f1 -d ':')
		# Append that path into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "$rulesd_audit_file")
	done
	# Case when particular audit rule isn't defined yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		# Append '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		# If the $key.rules file doesn't exist yet, create it with correct permissions
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

# Finally perform the inspection and possible subsequent audit rule
# correction for each of the files previously identified for inspection
for audit_rules_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Check if audit watch file system object rule for given path already present
	if grep -q -P -- "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" "$audit_rules_file"
	then
		# Rule is found => verify yet if existing rule definition contains
		# all of the required access type bits

		# Escape slashes in path for use in sed pattern below
		local esc_path=${path//$'/'/$'\/'}
		# Define BRE whitespace class shortcut
		local sp="[[:space:]]"
		# Extract current permission access types (e.g. -p [r|w|x|a] values) from audit rule
		current_access_bits=$(sed -ne "s/$sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\).*/\1/p" "$audit_rules_file")
		# Split required access bits string into characters array
		# (to check bit's presence for one bit at a time)
		for access_bit in $(echo "$required_access_bits" | grep -o .)
		do
			# For each from the required access bits (e.g. 'w', 'a') check
			# if they are already present in current access bits for rule.
			# If not, append that bit at the end
			if ! grep -q "$access_bit" <<< "$current_access_bits"
			then
				# Concatenate the existing mask with the missing bit
				current_access_bits="$current_access_bits$access_bit"
			fi
		done
		# Propagate the updated rule's access bits (original + the required
		# ones) back into the /etc/audit/audit.rules file for that rule
		sed -i "s/\($sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\)\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\)\(.*\)/\1$current_access_bits\3/" "$audit_rules_file"
	else
		# Rule isn't present yet. Append it at the end of $audit_rules_file file
		# with proper key

		echo "-w $path -p $required_access_bits -k $key" >> "$audit_rules_file"
	fi
done
}

fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/gshadow" "wa" "audit_rules_usergroup_modification"
fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/shadow" "wa" "audit_rules_usergroup_modification"
# Function to fix audit file system object watch rule for given path:
# * if rule exists, also verifies the -w bits match the requirements
# * if rule doesn't exist yet, appends expected rule form to $files_to_inspect
#   audit rules file, depending on the tool which was used to load audit rules
#
# Expects four arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules'
# * path                        	value of -w audit rule's argument
# * required access bits        	value of -p audit rule's argument
# * key                         	value of -k audit rule's argument
#
# Example call:
#
#       fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/localtime" "wa" "audit_time_rules"
#
function fix_audit_watch_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local path="$2"
local required_access_bits="$3"
local key="$4"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "4" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_watch_rule 'tool' 'path' 'bits' 'key'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tool used to load audit rules	| Rule already defined	|  Audit rules file to inspect	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#	auditctl		|     Doesn't matter	|  /etc/audit/audit.rules	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 	augenrules		|          Yes		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules	  |
# 	augenrules		|          No		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
declare -a files_to_inspect

# Check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	exit 1
# If the audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# into the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules')
# If the audit is 'augenrules', then check if rule is already defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to list of files for inspection.
# If rule isn't defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to list of files for inspection.
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Case when particular audit rule is already defined in some of /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file
	# Get pair -- filepath : matching_row into @matches array
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(grep -P "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	# For each of the matched entries
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		# Extract filepath from the match
		rulesd_audit_file=$(echo $match | cut -f1 -d ':')
		# Append that path into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "$rulesd_audit_file")
	done
	# Case when particular audit rule isn't defined yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		# Append '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		# If the $key.rules file doesn't exist yet, create it with correct permissions
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

# Finally perform the inspection and possible subsequent audit rule
# correction for each of the files previously identified for inspection
for audit_rules_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Check if audit watch file system object rule for given path already present
	if grep -q -P -- "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" "$audit_rules_file"
	then
		# Rule is found => verify yet if existing rule definition contains
		# all of the required access type bits

		# Escape slashes in path for use in sed pattern below
		local esc_path=${path//$'/'/$'\/'}
		# Define BRE whitespace class shortcut
		local sp="[[:space:]]"
		# Extract current permission access types (e.g. -p [r|w|x|a] values) from audit rule
		current_access_bits=$(sed -ne "s/$sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\).*/\1/p" "$audit_rules_file")
		# Split required access bits string into characters array
		# (to check bit's presence for one bit at a time)
		for access_bit in $(echo "$required_access_bits" | grep -o .)
		do
			# For each from the required access bits (e.g. 'w', 'a') check
			# if they are already present in current access bits for rule.
			# If not, append that bit at the end
			if ! grep -q "$access_bit" <<< "$current_access_bits"
			then
				# Concatenate the existing mask with the missing bit
				current_access_bits="$current_access_bits$access_bit"
			fi
		done
		# Propagate the updated rule's access bits (original + the required
		# ones) back into the /etc/audit/audit.rules file for that rule
		sed -i "s/\($sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\)\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\)\(.*\)/\1$current_access_bits\3/" "$audit_rules_file"
	else
		# Rule isn't present yet. Append it at the end of $audit_rules_file file
		# with proper key

		echo "-w $path -p $required_access_bits -k $key" >> "$audit_rules_file"
	fi
done
}

fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/security/opasswd" "wa" "audit_rules_usergroup_modification"

Rule   Ensure auditd Collects Information on Exporting to Media (successful)   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect media exportation events for all users and root. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules, setting ARCH to either b32 or b64 as appropriate for your system:

-a always,exit -F arch=ARCH -S mount -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k export

Rationale:

The unauthorized exportation of data to external media could result in an information leak where classified information, Privacy Act information, and intellectual property could be lost. An audit trail should be created each time a filesystem is mounted to help identify and guard against information loss.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_media_export
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.2.7, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50369r3_rule





# Perform the remediation of the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S .* -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k *"
	GROUP="mount"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S mount -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k export"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done

Rule   Ensure auditd Collects Unauthorized Access Attempts to Files (unsuccessful)   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect unauthorized file accesses for all users and root. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat -S open -S openat -S open_by_handle_at -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat -S open -S openat -S open_by_handle_at -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following:
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat -S open -S openat -S open_by_handle_at -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat -S open -S openat -S open_by_handle_at -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access

Rationale:

Unsuccessful attempts to access files could be an indicator of malicious activity on a system. Auditing these events could serve as evidence of potential system compromise.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_unsuccessful_file_modification
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.2.4, Req-10.2.1, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50367r2_rule





# Perform the remediation of the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b32" "b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do

	# First fix the -EACCES requirement
	PATTERN="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S .* -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k *"
	# Use escaped BRE regex to specify rule group
	GROUP="\(creat\|open\|truncate\)"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S creat -S open -S openat -S open_by_handle_at -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"

	# Then fix the -EPERM requirement
	PATTERN="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S .* -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k *"
	# No need to change content of $GROUP variable - it's the same as for -EACCES case above
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S creat -S open -S openat -S open_by_handle_at -S truncate -S ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k access"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"

done

Rule   Ensure auditd Collects Information on the Use of Privileged Commands   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect the execution of privileged commands for all users and root. To find the relevant setuid / setgid programs, run the following command for each local partition PART:

$ sudo find PART -xdev -type f -perm -4000 -o -type f -perm -2000 2>/dev/null
Then, for each setuid / setgid program on the system, add a line of the following form to /etc/audit/audit.rules, where SETUID_PROG_PATH is the full path to each setuid / setgid program in the list:
-a always,exit -F path=SETUID_PROG_PATH -F perm=x -F auid>=500 -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged

Rationale:

Privileged programs are subject to escalation-of-privilege attacks, which attempt to subvert their normal role of providing some necessary but limited capability. As such, motivation exists to monitor these programs for unusual activity.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_privileged_commands
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000040, AC-3(10)), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AC-6(9), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.2.2, SRG-OS-000020, SV-50368r4_rule





# Perform the remediation
# Function to perform remediation for 'audit_rules_privileged_commands' rule
#
# Expects two arguments:
#
# audit_tool		tool used to load audit rules
# 			One of 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'
#
# min_auid		Minimum original ID the user logged in with
# 			'500' for RHEL-6 and before, '1000' for RHEL-7 and after.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#      perform_audit_rules_privileged_commands_remediation "auditctl" "500"
#      perform_audit_rules_privileged_commands_remediation "augenrules"	"1000"
#
function perform_audit_rules_privileged_commands_remediation {
#
# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local min_auid="$2"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "2" ]
then
	echo "Usage: perform_audit_rules_privileged_commands_remediation 'auditctl | augenrules' '500 | 1000'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

declare -a files_to_inspect=()

# Check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	exit 1
# If the audit tool is 'auditctl', then:
# * add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'to the list of files to be inspected,
# * specify '/etc/audit/audit.rules' as the output audit file, where
#   missing rules should be inserted
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("/etc/audit/audit.rules")
	output_audit_file="/etc/audit/audit.rules"
#
# If the audit tool is 'augenrules', then:
# * add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list of files to be inspected
#   (split by newline),
# * specify /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules' as the output file, where
#   missing rules should be inserted
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	IFS=$'\n' files_to_inspect=($(find /etc/audit/rules.d -maxdepth 1 -type f -name '*.rules' -print))
	output_audit_file="/etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules"
fi

# Obtain the list of SUID/SGID binaries on the particular system (split by newline)
# into privileged_binaries array
IFS=$'\n' privileged_binaries=($(find / -xdev -type f -perm -4000 -o -type f -perm -2000 2>/dev/null))

# Keep list of SUID/SGID binaries that have been already handled within some previous iteration
declare -a sbinaries_to_skip=()

# For each found sbinary in privileged_binaries list
for sbinary in "${privileged_binaries[@]}"
do

	# Check if this sbinary wasn't already handled in some of the previous iterations
	# Return match only if whole sbinary definition matched (not in the case just prefix matched!!!)
	if [[ $(sed -ne "\|${sbinary}|p" <<< "${sbinaries_to_skip[*]}") ]]
	then
		# If so, don't process it second time & go to process next sbinary
		continue
	fi

	# Reset the counter of inspected files when starting to check
	# presence of existing audit rule for new sbinary
	local count_of_inspected_files=0

	# Define expected rule form for this binary
	expected_rule="-a always,exit -F path=${sbinary} -F perm=x -F auid>=${min_auid} -F auid!=4294967295 -k privileged"

	# If list of audit rules files to be inspected is empty, just add new rule and move on to next binary
	if [[ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
		echo "$expected_rule" >> "$output_audit_file"
		continue
	fi

	# Replace possible slash '/' character in sbinary definition so we could use it in sed expressions below
	sbinary_esc=${sbinary//$'/'/$'\/'}

	# For each audit rules file from the list of files to be inspected
	for afile in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
	do

		# Search current audit rules file's content for match. Match criteria:
		# * existing rule is for the same SUID/SGID binary we are currently processing (but
		#   can contain multiple -F path= elements covering multiple SUID/SGID binaries)
		# * existing rule contains all arguments from expected rule form (though can contain
		#   them in arbitrary order)
	
		base_search=$(sed -e '/-a always,exit/!d' -e '/-F path='"${sbinary_esc}"'/!d' \
				-e '/-F path=[^[:space:]]\+/!d'   -e '/-F perm=.*/!d'                 \
				-e '/-F auid>='"${min_auid}"'/!d' -e '/-F auid!=4294967295/!d'        \
				-e '/-k privileged/!d' "$afile")

		# Increase the count of inspected files for this sbinary
		count_of_inspected_files=$((count_of_inspected_files + 1))

		# Require execute access type to be set for existing audit rule
		exec_access='x'

		# Search current audit rules file's content for presence of rule pattern for this sbinary
		if [[ $base_search ]]
		then

			# Current audit rules file already contains rule for this binary =>
			# Store the exact form of found rule for this binary for further processing
			concrete_rule=$base_search

			# Select all other SUID/SGID binaries possibly also present in the found rule
			IFS=$'\n' handled_sbinaries=($(grep -o -e "-F path=[^[:space:]]\+" <<< "$concrete_rule"))
			IFS=$' ' handled_sbinaries=(${handled_sbinaries[@]//-F path=/})

			# Merge the list of such SUID/SGID binaries found in this iteration with global list ignoring duplicates
			sbinaries_to_skip=($(for i in "${sbinaries_to_skip[@]}" "${handled_sbinaries[@]}"; do echo "$i"; done | sort -du))

			# Separate concrete_rule into three sections using hash '#'
			# sign as a delimiter around rule's permission section borders
			concrete_rule="$(echo "$concrete_rule" | sed -n "s/\(.*\)\+\(-F perm=[rwax]\+\)\+/\1#\2#/p")"

			# Split concrete_rule into head, perm, and tail sections using hash '#' delimiter
			IFS=$'#' read -r rule_head rule_perm rule_tail <<<  "$concrete_rule"

			# Extract already present exact access type [r|w|x|a] from rule's permission section
			access_type=${rule_perm//-F perm=/}

			# Verify current permission access type(s) for rule contain 'x' (execute) permission
			if ! grep -q "$exec_access" <<< "$access_type"
			then

				# If not, append the 'x' (execute) permission to the existing access type bits
				access_type="$access_type$exec_access"
				# Reconstruct the permissions section for the rule
				new_rule_perm="-F perm=$access_type"
				# Update existing rule in current audit rules file with the new permission section
				sed -i "s#${rule_head}\(.*\)${rule_tail}#${rule_head}${new_rule_perm}${rule_tail}#" "$afile"

			fi

		# If the required audit rule for particular sbinary wasn't found yet, insert it under following conditions:
		#
		# * in the "auditctl" mode of operation insert particular rule each time
		#   (because in this mode there's only one file -- /etc/audit/audit.rules to be inspected for presence of this rule),
		#
		# * in the "augenrules" mode of operation insert particular rule only once and only in case we have already
		#   searched all of the files from /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules location (since that audit rule can be defined
		#   in any of those files and if not, we want it to be inserted only once into /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules file)
		#
		elif [ "$tool" == "auditctl" ] || [[ "$tool" == "augenrules" && $count_of_inspected_files -eq "${#files_to_inspect[@]}" ]]
		then

			# Current audit rules file's content doesn't contain expected rule for this
			# SUID/SGID binary yet => append it
			echo "$expected_rule" >> "$output_audit_file"
			continue
		fi

	done

done
}

perform_audit_rules_privileged_commands_remediation "auditctl" "500"


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict

- name: Search for privileged commands
  shell: "find / -xdev -type f -perm -4000 -o -type f -perm -2000 2>/dev/null | cat"
  check_mode: no
  register: find_result
  tags:
    - audit_rules_privileged_commands
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26457-2
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10))
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6(9)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.2.2
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000198

# Inserts/replaces the rule in /etc/audit/rules.d

- name: Search /etc/audit/rules.d for audit rule entries
  find:
    paths: "/etc/audit/rules.d"
    recurse: no
    contains: "^.*path={{ item }} .*$"
    patterns: "*.rules"
  with_items:
    - "{{ find_result.stdout_lines }}"
  register: files_result
  tags:
    - audit_rules_privileged_commands
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26457-2
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10))
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6(9)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.2.2
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000198
  
- name: Overwrites the rule in rules.d
  lineinfile:
    path: "{{ item.1.path }}"
    line: '-a always,exit -F path={{ item.0.item }} -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=privileged'
    create: no
    regexp: "^.*path={{ item.0.item }} .*$"
  with_subelements:
    - "{{ files_result.results }}"
    - files
  tags:
    - audit_rules_privileged_commands
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26457-2
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10))
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6(9)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.2.2
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000198
    
- name: Adds the rule in rules.d
  lineinfile:
    path: /etc/audit/rules.d/privileged.rules
    line: '-a always,exit -F path={{ item.item }} -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=privileged'
    create: yes
  with_items:
    - "{{ files_result.results }}"
  when: item.matched == 0
  tags:
    - audit_rules_privileged_commands
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26457-2
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10))
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6(9)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.2.2
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000198
  
# Adds/overwrites the rule in /etc/audit/audit.rules

- name: Inserts/replaces the rule in audit.rules
  lineinfile:
    path: /etc/audit/audit.rules
    line: '-a always,exit -F path={{ item.item }} -F perm=x -F auid>=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -F key=privileged'
    create: yes
    regexp: "^.*path={{ item.item }} .*$"
  with_items:
    - "{{ files_result.results }}"
  tags:
    - audit_rules_privileged_commands
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26457-2
    - NIST-800-53-AC-3(10))
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6(9)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.2.2
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000198


Rule   Ensure auditd Collects Information on Kernel Module Loading and Unloading   [ref]

Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules in order to capture kernel module loading and unloading events, setting ARCH to either b32 or b64 as appropriate for your system:

-w /sbin/insmod -p x -k modules
-w /sbin/rmmod -p x -k modules
-w /sbin/modprobe -p x -k modules
-a always,exit -F arch=ARCH -S init_module -S delete_module -k modules

Rationale:

The addition/removal of kernel modules can be used to alter the behavior of the kernel and potentially introduce malicious code into kernel space. It is important to have an audit trail of modules that have been introduced into the kernel.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_kernel_module_loading
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.2.7, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50381r2_rule





# First perform the remediation of the syscall rule
# Retrieve hardware architecture of the underlying system
# Note: 32-bit kernel modules can't be loaded / unloaded on 64-bit kernel =>
#       it's not required on a 64-bit system to check also for the presence
#       of 32-bit's equivalent of the corresponding rule. Therefore for
#       each system it's enought to check presence of system's native rule form.
[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "32" ] && RULE_ARCHS=("b32") || RULE_ARCHS=("b64")

for ARCH in "${RULE_ARCHS[@]}"
do
	PATTERN="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S .* -k *"
	# Use escaped BRE regex to specify rule group
	GROUP="\(init\|delete\)_module"
	FULL_RULE="-a always,exit -F arch=$ARCH -S init_module -S delete_module -k modules"
# Function to fix syscall audit rule for given system call. It is
# based on example audit syscall rule definitions as outlined in
# /usr/share/doc/audit-2.3.7/stig.rules file provided with the audit
# package. It will combine multiple system calls belonging to the same
# syscall group into one audit rule (rather than to create audit rule per
# different system call) to avoid audit infrastructure performance penalty
# in the case of 'one-audit-rule-definition-per-one-system-call'. See:
#
#   https://www.redhat.com/archives/linux-audit/2014-November/msg00009.html
#
# for further details.
#
# Expects five arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules
# * audit rules' pattern		audit rule skeleton for same syscall
# * syscall group			greatest common string this rule shares
# 					with other rules from the same group
# * architecture			architecture this rule is intended for
# * full form of new rule to add	expected full form of audit rule as to be
# 					added into audit.rules file
#
# Note: The 2-th up to 4-th arguments are used to determine how many existing
# audit rules will be inspected for resemblance with the new audit rule
# (5-th argument) the function is going to add. The rule's similarity check
# is performed to optimize audit.rules definition (merge syscalls of the same
# group into one rule) to avoid the "single-syscall-per-audit-rule" performance
# penalty.
#
# Example call:
#
#	See e.g. 'audit_rules_file_deletion_events.sh' remediation script
#
function fix_audit_syscall_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local pattern="$2"
local group="$3"
local arch="$4"
local full_rule="$5"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "5" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_syscall_rule 'tool' 'pattern' 'group' 'arch' 'full rule'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#  Tool used to load audit rules | Rule already defined  |  Audit rules file to inspect    |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        auditctl                |     Doesn't matter    |  /etc/audit/audit.rules         |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#        augenrules              |          Yes          |  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules     |
#        augenrules              |          No           |  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
declare -a files_to_inspect

retval=0

# First check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	return 1
# If audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# file to the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules' )
# If audit tool is 'augenrules', then check if the audit rule is defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to the list for inspection
# If rule isn't defined yet, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to the list for inspection
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Extract audit $key from audit rule so we can use it later
	key=$(expr "$full_rule" : '.*-k[[:space:]]\([^[:space:]]\+\)' '|' "$full_rule" : '.*-F[[:space:]]key=\([^[:space:]]\+\)')
	# Check if particular audit rule is already defined
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(sed -s -n -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d;F" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "${match}")
	done
	# Case when particular rule isn't defined in /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

#
# Indicator that we want to append $full_rule into $audit_file by default
local append_expected_rule=0

for audit_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Filter existing $audit_file rules' definitions to select those that:
	# * follow the rule pattern, and
	# * meet the hardware architecture requirement, and
	# * are current syscall group specific
	IFS=$'\n' existing_rules=($(sed -e "\;${pattern};!d" -e "/${arch}/!d" -e "/${group}/!d"  "$audit_file"))
	if [ $? -ne 0 ]
	then
		retval=1
	fi
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS

	# Process rules found case-by-case
	for rule in "${existing_rules[@]}"
	do
		# Found rule is for same arch & key, but differs (e.g. in count of -S arguments)
		if [ "${rule}" != "${full_rule}" ]
		then
			# If so, isolate just '(-S \w)+' substring of that rule
			rule_syscalls=$(echo $rule | grep -o -P '(-S \w+ )+')
			# Check if list of '-S syscall' arguments of that rule is subset
			# of '-S syscall' list of expected $full_rule
			if grep -q -- "$rule_syscalls" <<< "$full_rule"
			then
				# Rule is covered (i.e. the list of -S syscalls for this rule is
				# subset of -S syscalls of $full_rule => existing rule can be deleted
				# Thus delete the rule from audit.rules & our array
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				existing_rules=("${existing_rules[@]//$rule/}")
			else
				# Rule isn't covered by $full_rule - it besides -S syscall arguments
				# for this group contains also -S syscall arguments for other syscall
				# group. Example: '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' => group='chown'
				# since 'lchown' & 'fchownat' share 'chown' substring
				# Therefore:
				# * 1) delete the original rule from audit.rules
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' rule would be deleted)
				# * 2) delete the -S syscall arguments for this syscall group, but
				# keep those not belonging to this syscall group
				# (original '-S lchown -S fchmod -S fchownat' would become '-S fchmod'
				# * 3) append the modified (filtered) rule again into audit.rules
				# if the same rule not already present
				#
				# 1) Delete the original rule
				sed -i -e "\;${rule};d" "$audit_file"
				if [ $? -ne 0 ]
				then
					retval=1
				fi
				# 2) Delete syscalls for this group, but keep those from other groups
				# Convert current rule syscall's string into array splitting by '-S' delimiter
				IFS=$'-S' read -a rule_syscalls_as_array <<< "$rule_syscalls"
				# Reset IFS back to default
				unset IFS
				# Declare new empty string to hold '-S syscall' arguments from other groups
				new_syscalls_for_rule=''
				# Walk through existing '-S syscall' arguments
				for syscall_arg in "${rule_syscalls_as_array[@]}"
				do
					# Skip empty $syscall_arg values
					if [ "$syscall_arg" == '' ]
					then
						continue
					fi
					# If the '-S syscall' doesn't belong to current group add it to the new list
					# (together with adding '-S' delimiter back for each of such item found)
					if grep -q -v -- "$group" <<< "$syscall_arg"
					then
						new_syscalls_for_rule="$new_syscalls_for_rule -S $syscall_arg"
					fi
				done
				# Replace original '-S syscall' list with the new one for this rule
				updated_rule=${rule//$rule_syscalls/$new_syscalls_for_rule}
				# Squeeze repeated whitespace characters in rule definition (if any) into one
				updated_rule=$(echo "$updated_rule" | tr -s '[:space:]')
				# 3) Append the modified / filtered rule again into audit.rules
				#    (but only in case it's not present yet to prevent duplicate definitions)
				if ! grep -q -- "$updated_rule" "$audit_file"
				then
					echo "$updated_rule" >> "$audit_file"
				fi
			fi
		else
			# $audit_file already contains the expected rule form for this
			# architecture & key => don't insert it second time
			append_expected_rule=1
		fi
	done

	# We deleted all rules that were subset of the expected one for this arch & key.
	# Also isolated rules containing system calls not from this system calls group.
	# Now append the expected rule if it's not present in $audit_file yet
	if [[ ${append_expected_rule} -eq "0" ]]
	then
		echo "$full_rule" >> "$audit_file"
	fi
done

return $retval

}

	fix_audit_syscall_rule "auditctl" "$PATTERN" "$GROUP" "$ARCH" "$FULL_RULE"
done

# Then perform the remediations for the watch rules
# Function to fix audit file system object watch rule for given path:
# * if rule exists, also verifies the -w bits match the requirements
# * if rule doesn't exist yet, appends expected rule form to $files_to_inspect
#   audit rules file, depending on the tool which was used to load audit rules
#
# Expects four arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules'
# * path                        	value of -w audit rule's argument
# * required access bits        	value of -p audit rule's argument
# * key                         	value of -k audit rule's argument
#
# Example call:
#
#       fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/localtime" "wa" "audit_time_rules"
#
function fix_audit_watch_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local path="$2"
local required_access_bits="$3"
local key="$4"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "4" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_watch_rule 'tool' 'path' 'bits' 'key'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tool used to load audit rules	| Rule already defined	|  Audit rules file to inspect	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#	auditctl		|     Doesn't matter	|  /etc/audit/audit.rules	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 	augenrules		|          Yes		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules	  |
# 	augenrules		|          No		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
declare -a files_to_inspect

# Check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	exit 1
# If the audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# into the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules')
# If the audit is 'augenrules', then check if rule is already defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to list of files for inspection.
# If rule isn't defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to list of files for inspection.
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Case when particular audit rule is already defined in some of /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file
	# Get pair -- filepath : matching_row into @matches array
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(grep -P "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	# For each of the matched entries
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		# Extract filepath from the match
		rulesd_audit_file=$(echo $match | cut -f1 -d ':')
		# Append that path into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "$rulesd_audit_file")
	done
	# Case when particular audit rule isn't defined yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		# Append '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		# If the $key.rules file doesn't exist yet, create it with correct permissions
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

# Finally perform the inspection and possible subsequent audit rule
# correction for each of the files previously identified for inspection
for audit_rules_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Check if audit watch file system object rule for given path already present
	if grep -q -P -- "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" "$audit_rules_file"
	then
		# Rule is found => verify yet if existing rule definition contains
		# all of the required access type bits

		# Escape slashes in path for use in sed pattern below
		local esc_path=${path//$'/'/$'\/'}
		# Define BRE whitespace class shortcut
		local sp="[[:space:]]"
		# Extract current permission access types (e.g. -p [r|w|x|a] values) from audit rule
		current_access_bits=$(sed -ne "s/$sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\).*/\1/p" "$audit_rules_file")
		# Split required access bits string into characters array
		# (to check bit's presence for one bit at a time)
		for access_bit in $(echo "$required_access_bits" | grep -o .)
		do
			# For each from the required access bits (e.g. 'w', 'a') check
			# if they are already present in current access bits for rule.
			# If not, append that bit at the end
			if ! grep -q "$access_bit" <<< "$current_access_bits"
			then
				# Concatenate the existing mask with the missing bit
				current_access_bits="$current_access_bits$access_bit"
			fi
		done
		# Propagate the updated rule's access bits (original + the required
		# ones) back into the /etc/audit/audit.rules file for that rule
		sed -i "s/\($sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\)\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\)\(.*\)/\1$current_access_bits\3/" "$audit_rules_file"
	else
		# Rule isn't present yet. Append it at the end of $audit_rules_file file
		# with proper key

		echo "-w $path -p $required_access_bits -k $key" >> "$audit_rules_file"
	fi
done
}

fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/sbin/insmod" "x" "modules"
fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/sbin/rmmod" "x" "modules"
# Function to fix audit file system object watch rule for given path:
# * if rule exists, also verifies the -w bits match the requirements
# * if rule doesn't exist yet, appends expected rule form to $files_to_inspect
#   audit rules file, depending on the tool which was used to load audit rules
#
# Expects four arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules'
# * path                        	value of -w audit rule's argument
# * required access bits        	value of -p audit rule's argument
# * key                         	value of -k audit rule's argument
#
# Example call:
#
#       fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/localtime" "wa" "audit_time_rules"
#
function fix_audit_watch_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local path="$2"
local required_access_bits="$3"
local key="$4"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "4" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_watch_rule 'tool' 'path' 'bits' 'key'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tool used to load audit rules	| Rule already defined	|  Audit rules file to inspect	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#	auditctl		|     Doesn't matter	|  /etc/audit/audit.rules	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 	augenrules		|          Yes		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules	  |
# 	augenrules		|          No		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
declare -a files_to_inspect

# Check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	exit 1
# If the audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# into the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules')
# If the audit is 'augenrules', then check if rule is already defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to list of files for inspection.
# If rule isn't defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to list of files for inspection.
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Case when particular audit rule is already defined in some of /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file
	# Get pair -- filepath : matching_row into @matches array
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(grep -P "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	# For each of the matched entries
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		# Extract filepath from the match
		rulesd_audit_file=$(echo $match | cut -f1 -d ':')
		# Append that path into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "$rulesd_audit_file")
	done
	# Case when particular audit rule isn't defined yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		# Append '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		# If the $key.rules file doesn't exist yet, create it with correct permissions
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

# Finally perform the inspection and possible subsequent audit rule
# correction for each of the files previously identified for inspection
for audit_rules_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Check if audit watch file system object rule for given path already present
	if grep -q -P -- "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" "$audit_rules_file"
	then
		# Rule is found => verify yet if existing rule definition contains
		# all of the required access type bits

		# Escape slashes in path for use in sed pattern below
		local esc_path=${path//$'/'/$'\/'}
		# Define BRE whitespace class shortcut
		local sp="[[:space:]]"
		# Extract current permission access types (e.g. -p [r|w|x|a] values) from audit rule
		current_access_bits=$(sed -ne "s/$sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\).*/\1/p" "$audit_rules_file")
		# Split required access bits string into characters array
		# (to check bit's presence for one bit at a time)
		for access_bit in $(echo "$required_access_bits" | grep -o .)
		do
			# For each from the required access bits (e.g. 'w', 'a') check
			# if they are already present in current access bits for rule.
			# If not, append that bit at the end
			if ! grep -q "$access_bit" <<< "$current_access_bits"
			then
				# Concatenate the existing mask with the missing bit
				current_access_bits="$current_access_bits$access_bit"
			fi
		done
		# Propagate the updated rule's access bits (original + the required
		# ones) back into the /etc/audit/audit.rules file for that rule
		sed -i "s/\($sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\)\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\)\(.*\)/\1$current_access_bits\3/" "$audit_rules_file"
	else
		# Rule isn't present yet. Append it at the end of $audit_rules_file file
		# with proper key

		echo "-w $path -p $required_access_bits -k $key" >> "$audit_rules_file"
	fi
done
}

fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/sbin/modprobe" "x" "modules"

Rule   Make the auditd Configuration Immutable   [ref]

Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules in order to make the configuration immutable:

-e 2
With this setting, a reboot will be required to change any audit rules.

Rationale:

Making the audit configuration immutable prevents accidental as well as malicious modification of the audit rules, although it may be problematic if legitimate changes are needed during system operation

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_immutable
Identifiers and References

References:  AC-6, AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), IR-5, Req-10.5.2




readonly AUDIT_RULES='/etc/audit/audit.rules'

# If '-e .*' setting present in audit.rules already, delete it since the
# auditctl(8) manual page instructs it should be the last rule in configuration
sed -i '/-e[[:space:]]\+.*/d' $AUDIT_RULES

# Append '-e 2' requirement at the end of audit.rules
echo '' >> $AUDIT_RULES
echo '# Set the audit.rules configuration immutable per security requirements' >> $AUDIT_RULES
echo '# Reboot is required to change audit rules once this setting is applied' >> $AUDIT_RULES
echo '-e 2' >> $AUDIT_RULES

Rule   System Audit Logs Must Be Owned By Root   [ref]

To properly set the owner of /var/log, run the command:

$ sudo chown root /var/log 

Rationale:

Failure to give ownership of the audit log files to root allows the designated owner, and unauthorized users, potential access to sensitive information.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_file_ownership_var_log_audit
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000166, AC-6, AU-1(b), AU-9, IR-5, Req-10.5.1, SRG-OS-000057, SV-50296r1_rule




if `grep -q ^log_group /etc/audit/auditd.conf` ; then
  GROUP=$(awk -F "=" '/log_group/ {print $2}' /etc/audit/auditd.conf | tr -d ' ')
  if ! [ "${GROUP}" == 'root' ] ; then
    chown root.${GROUP} /var/log/audit
    chown root.${GROUP} /var/log/audit/audit.log*
  else
    chown root.root /var/log/audit
    chown root.root /var/log/audit/audit.log*
  fi
else
  chown root.root /var/log/audit
  chown root.root /var/log/audit/audit.log*
fi

Rule   Record Events that Modify the System's Mandatory Access Controls   [ref]

Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-w /etc/selinux/ -p wa -k MAC-policy

Rationale:

The system's mandatory access policy (SELinux) should not be arbitrarily changed by anything other than administrator action. All changes to MAC policy should be audited.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_mac_modification
Identifiers and References

References:  AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.5.5, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50342r2_rule





# Perform the remediation
# Function to fix audit file system object watch rule for given path:
# * if rule exists, also verifies the -w bits match the requirements
# * if rule doesn't exist yet, appends expected rule form to $files_to_inspect
#   audit rules file, depending on the tool which was used to load audit rules
#
# Expects four arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules'
# * path                        	value of -w audit rule's argument
# * required access bits        	value of -p audit rule's argument
# * key                         	value of -k audit rule's argument
#
# Example call:
#
#       fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/localtime" "wa" "audit_time_rules"
#
function fix_audit_watch_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local path="$2"
local required_access_bits="$3"
local key="$4"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "4" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_watch_rule 'tool' 'path' 'bits' 'key'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tool used to load audit rules	| Rule already defined	|  Audit rules file to inspect	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#	auditctl		|     Doesn't matter	|  /etc/audit/audit.rules	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 	augenrules		|          Yes		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules	  |
# 	augenrules		|          No		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
declare -a files_to_inspect

# Check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	exit 1
# If the audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# into the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules')
# If the audit is 'augenrules', then check if rule is already defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to list of files for inspection.
# If rule isn't defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to list of files for inspection.
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Case when particular audit rule is already defined in some of /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file
	# Get pair -- filepath : matching_row into @matches array
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(grep -P "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	# For each of the matched entries
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		# Extract filepath from the match
		rulesd_audit_file=$(echo $match | cut -f1 -d ':')
		# Append that path into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "$rulesd_audit_file")
	done
	# Case when particular audit rule isn't defined yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		# Append '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		# If the $key.rules file doesn't exist yet, create it with correct permissions
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

# Finally perform the inspection and possible subsequent audit rule
# correction for each of the files previously identified for inspection
for audit_rules_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Check if audit watch file system object rule for given path already present
	if grep -q -P -- "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" "$audit_rules_file"
	then
		# Rule is found => verify yet if existing rule definition contains
		# all of the required access type bits

		# Escape slashes in path for use in sed pattern below
		local esc_path=${path//$'/'/$'\/'}
		# Define BRE whitespace class shortcut
		local sp="[[:space:]]"
		# Extract current permission access types (e.g. -p [r|w|x|a] values) from audit rule
		current_access_bits=$(sed -ne "s/$sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\).*/\1/p" "$audit_rules_file")
		# Split required access bits string into characters array
		# (to check bit's presence for one bit at a time)
		for access_bit in $(echo "$required_access_bits" | grep -o .)
		do
			# For each from the required access bits (e.g. 'w', 'a') check
			# if they are already present in current access bits for rule.
			# If not, append that bit at the end
			if ! grep -q "$access_bit" <<< "$current_access_bits"
			then
				# Concatenate the existing mask with the missing bit
				current_access_bits="$current_access_bits$access_bit"
			fi
		done
		# Propagate the updated rule's access bits (original + the required
		# ones) back into the /etc/audit/audit.rules file for that rule
		sed -i "s/\($sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\)\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\)\(.*\)/\1$current_access_bits\3/" "$audit_rules_file"
	else
		# Rule isn't present yet. Append it at the end of $audit_rules_file file
		# with proper key

		echo "-w $path -p $required_access_bits -k $key" >> "$audit_rules_file"
	fi
done
}

fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/selinux/" "wa" "MAC-policy"

Rule   Ensure auditd Collects System Administrator Actions   [ref]

At a minimum the audit system should collect administrator actions for all users and root. Add the following to /etc/audit/audit.rules:

-w /etc/sudoers -p wa -k actions

Rationale:

The actions taken by system administrators should be audited to keep a record of what was executed on the system, as well as, for accountability purposes.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_audit_rules_sysadmin_actions
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000126, AC-2(7)(b), AC-3(10), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10.2.2, Req-10.2.5.b, SRG-OS-000064, SV-50379r2_rule





# Perform the remediation
# Function to fix audit file system object watch rule for given path:
# * if rule exists, also verifies the -w bits match the requirements
# * if rule doesn't exist yet, appends expected rule form to $files_to_inspect
#   audit rules file, depending on the tool which was used to load audit rules
#
# Expects four arguments (each of them is required) in the form of:
# * audit tool				tool used to load audit rules,
# 					either 'auditctl', or 'augenrules'
# * path                        	value of -w audit rule's argument
# * required access bits        	value of -p audit rule's argument
# * key                         	value of -k audit rule's argument
#
# Example call:
#
#       fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/localtime" "wa" "audit_time_rules"
#
function fix_audit_watch_rule {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local tool="$1"
local path="$2"
local required_access_bits="$3"
local key="$4"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "4" ]
then
	echo "Usage: fix_audit_watch_rule 'tool' 'path' 'bits' 'key'"
	echo "Aborting."
	exit 1
fi

# Create a list of audit *.rules files that should be inspected for presence and correctness
# of a particular audit rule. The scheme is as follows:
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Tool used to load audit rules	| Rule already defined	|  Audit rules file to inspect	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#	auditctl		|     Doesn't matter	|  /etc/audit/audit.rules	  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 	augenrules		|          Yes		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules	  |
# 	augenrules		|          No		|  /etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules  |
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
declare -a files_to_inspect

# Check sanity of the specified audit tool
if [ "$tool" != 'auditctl' ] && [ "$tool" != 'augenrules' ]
then
	echo "Unknown audit rules loading tool: $1. Aborting."
	echo "Use either 'auditctl' or 'augenrules'!"
	exit 1
# If the audit tool is 'auditctl', then add '/etc/audit/audit.rules'
# into the list of files to be inspected
elif [ "$tool" == 'auditctl' ]
then
	files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" '/etc/audit/audit.rules')
# If the audit is 'augenrules', then check if rule is already defined
# If rule is defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules' to list of files for inspection.
# If rule isn't defined, add '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' to list of files for inspection.
elif [ "$tool" == 'augenrules' ]
then
	# Case when particular audit rule is already defined in some of /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules file
	# Get pair -- filepath : matching_row into @matches array
	IFS=$'\n' matches=($(grep -P "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" /etc/audit/rules.d/*.rules))
	# Reset IFS back to default
	unset IFS
	# For each of the matched entries
	for match in "${matches[@]}"
	do
		# Extract filepath from the match
		rulesd_audit_file=$(echo $match | cut -f1 -d ':')
		# Append that path into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect=("${files_to_inspect[@]}" "$rulesd_audit_file")
	done
	# Case when particular audit rule isn't defined yet
	if [ ${#files_to_inspect[@]} -eq "0" ]
	then
		# Append '/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules' into list of files for inspection
		files_to_inspect="/etc/audit/rules.d/$key.rules"
		# If the $key.rules file doesn't exist yet, create it with correct permissions
		if [ ! -e "$files_to_inspect" ]
		then
			touch "$files_to_inspect"
			chmod 0640 "$files_to_inspect"
		fi
	fi
fi

# Finally perform the inspection and possible subsequent audit rule
# correction for each of the files previously identified for inspection
for audit_rules_file in "${files_to_inspect[@]}"
do

	# Check if audit watch file system object rule for given path already present
	if grep -q -P -- "[\s]*-w[\s]+$path" "$audit_rules_file"
	then
		# Rule is found => verify yet if existing rule definition contains
		# all of the required access type bits

		# Escape slashes in path for use in sed pattern below
		local esc_path=${path//$'/'/$'\/'}
		# Define BRE whitespace class shortcut
		local sp="[[:space:]]"
		# Extract current permission access types (e.g. -p [r|w|x|a] values) from audit rule
		current_access_bits=$(sed -ne "s/$sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\).*/\1/p" "$audit_rules_file")
		# Split required access bits string into characters array
		# (to check bit's presence for one bit at a time)
		for access_bit in $(echo "$required_access_bits" | grep -o .)
		do
			# For each from the required access bits (e.g. 'w', 'a') check
			# if they are already present in current access bits for rule.
			# If not, append that bit at the end
			if ! grep -q "$access_bit" <<< "$current_access_bits"
			then
				# Concatenate the existing mask with the missing bit
				current_access_bits="$current_access_bits$access_bit"
			fi
		done
		# Propagate the updated rule's access bits (original + the required
		# ones) back into the /etc/audit/audit.rules file for that rule
		sed -i "s/\($sp*-w$sp\+$esc_path$sp\+-p$sp\+\)\([rxwa]\{1,4\}\)\(.*\)/\1$current_access_bits\3/" "$audit_rules_file"
	else
		# Rule isn't present yet. Append it at the end of $audit_rules_file file
		# with proper key

		echo "-w $path -p $required_access_bits -k $key" >> "$audit_rules_file"
	fi
done
}

fix_audit_watch_rule "auditctl" "/etc/sudoers" "wa" "actions"

Rule   Enable Auditing for Processes Which Start Prior to the Audit Daemon   [ref]

To ensure all processes can be audited, even those which start prior to the audit daemon, add the argument audit=1 to the kernel line in /etc/grub.conf, in the manner below:

kernel /vmlinuz-version ro vga=ext root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet audit=1

Rationale:

Each process on the system carries an "auditable" flag which indicates whether its activities can be audited. Although auditd takes care of enabling this for all processes which launch after it does, adding the kernel argument ensures it is set for every process during boot.

Severity: 
low
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_bootloader_audit_argument
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000169, AC-17(1), AU-14(1), AU-1(b), AU-2(a), AU-2(c), AU-2(d), AU-10, IR-5, Req-10.3, SRG-OS-000062, SV-50238r4_rule



/sbin/grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="audit=1"


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Reboot:true
Strategy:restrict
- name: "Enable Auditing for Processes Which Start Prior to the Audit Daemon"
  shell: /sbin/grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="audit=1"
  tags:
    - bootloader_audit_argument
    - low_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-26785-6
    - NIST-800-53-AC-17(1)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-14(1)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(c)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-2(d)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-10
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10.3
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000525

Rule   Enable auditd Service   [ref]

The auditd service is an essential userspace component of the Linux Auditing System, as it is responsible for writing audit records to disk. The auditd service can be enabled with the following command:

$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 auditd on

Rationale:

Ensuring the auditd service is active ensures audit records generated by the kernel can be written to disk, or that appropriate actions will be taken if other obstacles exist.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_service_auditd_enabled
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000347, CCI-000157, CCI-000172, CCI-000880, CCI-001353, CCI-001462, CCI-001487, CCI-001115, CCI-001454, CCI-000067, CCI-000158, CCI-000831, CCI-001190, CCI-001312, CCI-001263, CCI-000130, CCI-000120, CCI-001589, AC-17(1), AU-1(b), AU-10, AU-12(a), AU-12(c), IR-5, Req-10, SRG-OS-000255, SRG-OS-000032, SRG-OS-000037, SV-50429r2_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
# Function to enable/disable and start/stop services on RHEL and Fedora systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     service_command enable bluetooth
#     service_command disable bluetooth.service
#
#     Using xinetd:
#     service_command disable rsh.socket xinetd=rsh
#
function service_command {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local service_state=$1
local service=$2
local xinetd=$(echo $3 | cut -d'=' -f2)

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -lt "2" ]
then
  echo "Usage: service_command 'enable/disable' 'service_name.service'"
  echo
  echo "To enable or disable xinetd services add \'xinetd=service_name\'"
  echo "as the last argument"  
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

# If systemctl is installed, use systemctl command; otherwise, use the service/chkconfig commands
if [ -f "/usr/bin/systemctl" ] ; then
  service_util="/usr/bin/systemctl"
else
  service_util="/sbin/service"
  chkconfig_util="/sbin/chkconfig"
fi

# If disable is not specified in arg1, set variables to enable services.
# Otherwise, variables are to be set to disable services.
if [ "$service_state" != 'disable' ] ; then
  service_state="enable"
  service_operation="start"
  chkconfig_state="on"
else
  service_state="disable"
  service_operation="stop"
  chkconfig_state="off"
fi

# If chkconfig_util is not empty, use chkconfig/service commands.
if [ "x$chkconfig_util" != x ] ; then
  $service_util $service $service_operation
  $chkconfig_util --level 0123456 $service $chkconfig_state
else
  $service_util $service_operation $service
  $service_util $service_state $service
  # The service may not be running because it has been started and failed,
  # so let's reset the state so OVAL checks pass.
  # Service should be 'inactive', not 'failed' after reboot though.
  $service_util reset-failed $service
fi

# Test if local variable xinetd is empty using non-bashism.
# If empty, then xinetd is not being used.
if [ "x$xinetd" != x ] ; then
  grep -qi disable /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd && \

  if [ "$service_operation" = 'disable' ] ; then
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = no/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  else
    sed -i "s/disable.*/disable         = yes/gI" /etc/xinetd.d/$xinetd
  fi
fi

}

service_command enable auditd


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
- name: Enable service auditd
  service:
    name="{{item}}"
    enabled="yes"
    state="started"
  with_items:
    - auditd
  tags:
    - service_auditd_enabled
    - medium_severity
    - enable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27058-7
    - NIST-800-53-AC-17(1)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-1(b)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-10
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(a)
    - NIST-800-53-AU-12(c)
    - NIST-800-53-IR-5
    - PCI-DSS-Req-10
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000145
Group   Installing and Maintaining Software   Group contains 4 groups and 6 rules

[ref]   The following sections contain information on security-relevant choices during the initial operating system installation process and the setup of software updates.

Group   Software Integrity Checking   Group contains 2 groups and 4 rules

[ref]   Both the AIDE (Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment) software and the RPM package management system provide mechanisms for verifying the integrity of installed software. AIDE uses snapshots of file metadata (such as hashes) and compares these to current system files in order to detect changes. The RPM package management system can conduct integrity checks by comparing information in its metadata database with files installed on the system.

Integrity checking cannot prevent intrusions, but can detect that they have occurred. Requirements for software integrity checking may be highly dependent on the environment in which the system will be used. Snapshot-based approaches such as AIDE may induce considerable overhead in the presence of frequent software updates.

Group   Verify Integrity with RPM   Group contains 1 rule

[ref]   The RPM package management system includes the ability to verify the integrity of installed packages by comparing the installed files with information about the files taken from the package metadata stored in the RPM database. Although an attacker could corrupt the RPM database (analogous to attacking the AIDE database as described above), this check can still reveal modification of important files. To list which files on the system differ from what is expected by the RPM database:

$ rpm -qVa
See the man page for rpm to see a complete explanation of each column.

Rule   Verify and Correct File Permissions with RPM   [ref]

The RPM package management system can check file access permissions of installed software packages, including many that are important to system security. After locating a file with incorrect permissions which can be found with

$ rpm -Va | grep '^.M'
, run the following command to determine which package owns it:
$ rpm -qf FILENAME
Next, run the following command to reset its permissions to the correct values:
$ sudo rpm --setperms PACKAGENAME

Rationale:

Permissions on system binaries and configuration files that are too generous could allow an unauthorized user to gain privileges that they should not have. The permissions set by the vendor should be maintained. Any deviations from this baseline should be investigated.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_rpm_verify_permissions
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001493, CCI-001494, CCI-001495, AC-6, CM-6(d), SI-7, Req-11.5, SRG-OS-999999, SRG-OS-000256, SV-50252r2_rule



Complexity:high
Disruption:medium
Strategy:restrict

# Declare array to hold list of RPM packages we need to correct permissions for
declare -a SETPERMS_RPM_LIST

# Create a list of files on the system having permissions different from what
# is expected by the RPM database
FILES_WITH_INCORRECT_PERMS=($(rpm -Va --nofiledigest | grep '^.M' | cut -d ' ' -f4-))

# For each file path from that list:
# * Determine the RPM package the file path is shipped by,
# * Include it into SETPERMS_RPM_LIST array

for FILE_PATH in "${FILES_WITH_INCORRECT_PERMS[@]}"
do
	RPM_PACKAGE=$(rpm -qf "$FILE_PATH")
	SETPERMS_RPM_LIST=("${SETPERMS_RPM_LIST[@]}" "$RPM_PACKAGE")
done

# Remove duplicate mention of same RPM in $SETPERMS_RPM_LIST (if any)
SETPERMS_RPM_LIST=( $(echo "${SETPERMS_RPM_LIST[@]}" | tr ' ' '\n' | sort -u | tr '\n' ' ') )

# For each of the RPM packages left in the list -- reset its permissions to the
# correct values
for RPM_PACKAGE in "${SETPERMS_RPM_LIST[@]}"
do
	rpm --setperms "${RPM_PACKAGE}"
done


Complexity:high
Disruption:medium
Strategy:restrict
- name: "Read list of files with incorrect permissions"
  shell: "rpm -Va | grep '^.M' | cut -d ' ' -f5- | sed -r 's;^.*\\s+(.+);\\1;g'"
  register: files_with_incorrect_permissions
  failed_when: False
  changed_when: False
  check_mode: no
  tags:
    - rpm_verify_permissions
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - high_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26731-0
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - NIST-800-53-CM-6(d)
    - NIST-800-53-SI-7
    - PCI-DSS-Req-11.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000518

- name: "Correct file permissions with RPM"
  shell: "rpm --setperms $(rpm -qf '{{item}}')"
  with_items: "{{ files_with_incorrect_permissions.stdout_lines }}"
  when: files_with_incorrect_permissions.stdout_lines | length > 0
  tags:
    - rpm_verify_permissions
    - unknown_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - high_complexity
    - medium_disruption
    - CCE-26731-0
    - NIST-800-53-AC-6
    - NIST-800-53-CM-6(d)
    - NIST-800-53-SI-7
    - PCI-DSS-Req-11.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000518
Group   Verify Integrity with AIDE   Group contains 3 rules

[ref]   AIDE conducts integrity checks by comparing information about files with previously-gathered information. Ideally, the AIDE database is created immediately after initial system configuration, and then again after any software update. AIDE is highly configurable, with further configuration information located in /usr/share/doc/aide-VERSION.

Rule   Install AIDE   [ref]

Install the AIDE package with the command:

$ sudo yum install aide

Rationale:

The AIDE package must be installed if it is to be available for integrity checking.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_package_aide_installed
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001069, CM-3(d), CM-3(e), CM-6(d), SC-28, SI-7, Req-11.5, SRG-OS-000232, SV-50290r1_rule



Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
# Function to install packages on RHEL, Fedora, Debian, and possibly other systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     package_install aide
#
function package_install {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local package="$1"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "1" ]
then
  echo "Usage: package_install 'package_name'"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

if which dnf ; then
  if ! rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    dnf install -y "$package"
  fi
elif which yum ; then
  if ! rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    yum install -y "$package"
  fi
elif which apt-get ; then
  apt-get install -y "$package"
else
  echo "Failed to detect available packaging system, tried dnf, yum and apt-get!"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

}

package_install aide


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
- name: Ensure aide is installed
  package:
    name="{{item}}"
    state=present
  with_items:
    - aide
  tags:
    - package_aide_installed
    - medium_severity
    - enable_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27024-9
    - NIST-800-53-CM-3(d)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-3(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-6(d)
    - NIST-800-53-SC-28
    - NIST-800-53-SI-7
    - PCI-DSS-Req-11.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000016


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable
include install_aide

class install_aide {
  package { 'aide':
    ensure => 'installed',
  }
}


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:enable

package --add=aide

Rule   Configure Periodic Execution of AIDE   [ref]

To implement a daily execution of AIDE at 4:05am using cron, add the following line to /etc/crontab:

05 4 * * * root /usr/sbin/aide --check
AIDE can be executed periodically through other means; this is merely one example.

Rationale:

By default, AIDE does not install itself for periodic execution. Periodically running AIDE is necessary to reveal unexpected changes in installed files.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_aide_periodic_cron_checking
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000374, CCI-000416, CCI-001069, CCI-001263, CCI-001297, CCI-001589, CM-3(d), CM-3(e), CM-6(d), SC-28, SI-7, Req-11.5, SRG-OS-000202, SRG-OS-000094, SRG-OS-000098, SRG-OS-000232, SRG-OS-000196, SRG-OS-000265, SV-50471r2_rule



# Function to install packages on RHEL, Fedora, Debian, and possibly other systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     package_install aide
#
function package_install {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local package="$1"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "1" ]
then
  echo "Usage: package_install 'package_name'"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

if which dnf ; then
  if ! rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    dnf install -y "$package"
  fi
elif which yum ; then
  if ! rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    yum install -y "$package"
  fi
elif which apt-get ; then
  apt-get install -y "$package"
else
  echo "Failed to detect available packaging system, tried dnf, yum and apt-get!"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

}

package_install aide

if ! grep -q "/usr/sbin/aide --check" /etc/crontab ; then
    echo "05 4 * * * root /usr/sbin/aide --check" >> /etc/crontab
fi


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict
- name: "Ensure AIDE is installed"
  package:
    name="{{item}}"
    state=present
  with_items:
    - aide
  tags:
    - aide_periodic_cron_checking
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27222-9
    - NIST-800-53-CM-3(d)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-3(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-6(d)
    - NIST-800-53-SC-28
    - NIST-800-53-SI-7
    - PCI-DSS-Req-11.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000306

- name: "Configure Periodic Execution of AIDE"
  cron:
    name: "run AIDE check"
    minute: 05
    hour: 04
    weekday: 0
    user: root
    job: "/usr/sbin/aide --check"
  tags:
    - aide_periodic_cron_checking
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27222-9
    - NIST-800-53-CM-3(d)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-3(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-6(d)
    - NIST-800-53-SC-28
    - NIST-800-53-SI-7
    - PCI-DSS-Req-11.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000306

Rule   Build and Test AIDE Database   [ref]

Run the following command to generate a new database:

$ sudo /usr/sbin/aide --init
By default, the database will be written to the file /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new.gz. Storing the database, the configuration file /etc/aide.conf, and the binary /usr/sbin/aide (or hashes of these files), in a secure location (such as on read-only media) provides additional assurance about their integrity. The newly-generated database can be installed as follows:
$ sudo cp /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new.gz /var/lib/aide/aide.db.gz
To initiate a manual check, run the following command:
$ sudo /usr/sbin/aide --check
If this check produces any unexpected output, investigate.

Rationale:

For AIDE to be effective, an initial database of "known-good" information about files must be captured and it should be able to be verified against the installed files.

Severity: 
medium
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_aide_build_database
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000374, CCI-000416, CCI-001069, CCI-001263, CCI-001297, CCI-001589, CM-3(d), CM-3(e), CM-6(d), SC-28, SI-7, Req-11.5, SRG-OS-000232, SV-65601r1_rule



# Function to install packages on RHEL, Fedora, Debian, and possibly other systems.
#
# Example Call(s):
#
#     package_install aide
#
function package_install {

# Load function arguments into local variables
local package="$1"

# Check sanity of the input
if [ $# -ne "1" ]
then
  echo "Usage: package_install 'package_name'"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

if which dnf ; then
  if ! rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    dnf install -y "$package"
  fi
elif which yum ; then
  if ! rpm -q --quiet "$package"; then
    yum install -y "$package"
  fi
elif which apt-get ; then
  apt-get install -y "$package"
else
  echo "Failed to detect available packaging system, tried dnf, yum and apt-get!"
  echo "Aborting."
  exit 1
fi

}

package_install aide

/usr/sbin/aide --init
/bin/cp -p /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new.gz /var/lib/aide/aide.db.gz


Complexity:low
Disruption:low
Strategy:restrict
- name: "Ensure AIDE is installed"
  package:
    name="{{item}}"
    state=present
  with_items:
    - aide
  tags:
    - aide_build_database
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27135-3
    - NIST-800-53-CM-3(d)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-3(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-6(d)
    - NIST-800-53-SC-28
    - NIST-800-53-SI-7
    - PCI-DSS-Req-11.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000018

- name: "Build and Test AIDE Database"
  shell: /usr/sbin/aide --init
  tags:
    - aide_build_database
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27135-3
    - NIST-800-53-CM-3(d)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-3(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-6(d)
    - NIST-800-53-SC-28
    - NIST-800-53-SI-7
    - PCI-DSS-Req-11.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000018

- name: Stage AIDE Database"
  copy:
    src: /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new.gz
    dest: /var/lib/aide/aide.db.gz
    backup: yes
    remote_src: yes
  tags:
    - aide_build_database
    - medium_severity
    - restrict_strategy
    - low_complexity
    - low_disruption
    - CCE-27135-3
    - NIST-800-53-CM-3(d)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-3(e)
    - NIST-800-53-CM-6(d)
    - NIST-800-53-SC-28
    - NIST-800-53-SI-7
    - PCI-DSS-Req-11.5
    - DISA-STIG-RHEL-06-000018
Group   Disk Partitioning   Group contains 2 rules

[ref]   To ensure separation and protection of data, there are top-level system directories which should be placed on their own physical partition or logical volume. The installer's default partitioning scheme creates separate logical volumes for /, /boot, and swap.

  • If starting with any of the default layouts, check the box to "Review and modify partitioning." This allows for the easy creation of additional logical volumes inside the volume group already created, though it may require making /'s logical volume smaller to create space. In general, using logical volumes is preferable to using partitions because they can be more easily adjusted later.
  • If creating a custom layout, create the partitions mentioned in the previous paragraph (which the installer will require anyway), as well as separate ones described in the following sections.
If a system has already been installed, and the default partitioning scheme was used, it is possible but nontrivial to modify it to create separate logical volumes for the directories listed above. The Logical Volume Manager (LVM) makes this possible. See the LVM HOWTO at http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/ for more detailed information on LVM.

Rule   Ensure /var/log/audit Located On Separate Partition   [ref]

Audit logs are stored in the /var/log/audit directory. Ensure that it has its own partition or logical volume at installation time, or migrate it later using LVM. Make absolutely certain that it is large enough to store all audit logs that will be created by the auditing daemon.

Rationale:

Placing /var/log/audit in its own partition enables better separation between audit files and other files, and helps ensure that auditing cannot be halted due to the partition running out of space.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_partition_for_var_log_audit
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-000137, CCI-000138, CCI-001208, AU-4, AU-9, SC-32, SRG-OS-000044, SV-50267r1_rule

Rule   Ensure /var/log Located On Separate Partition   [ref]

System logs are stored in the /var/log directory. Ensure that it has its own partition or logical volume at installation time, or migrate it using LVM.

Rationale:

Placing /var/log in its own partition enables better separation between log files and other files in /var/.

Severity: 
unknown
Rule ID:xccdf_org.ssgproject.content_rule_partition_for_var_log
Identifiers and References

References:  CCI-001208, AU-9, SC-32, SRG-OS-999999, SV-50263r1_rule

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